Agricultural production is a crucial part of policy issue in preventing depopulation mountainous areas across Europe. However, soil and climate conditions are limiting yields profitability crop these regions. The European Union (EU) subsidizes agriculture mountains by special payments (Less Favoured Area (LFA) subsidy) when match law-specified natural handicaps. This study aims to assess whether LFA subsidy Poland sufficient cover losses caused lower crops cultivated region (Low Beskid...

Abstract Under natural conditions, plants compete for environmental resources, including by the release of allelopathic compounds with a various spectrum activity. Therefore, effect aqueous extracts cock’s-foot Dactylis glomerata L. on germination and early growth phases electrolyte leakages red clover Trifolium pratense was investigated. The 5, 10, 15% separately from shoots inflorescences were used in two type treatments tested parallel. In first treatment seeds watered directly eight days...

Cultivation of spring cereal mixtures (SCMs) is one the ways to increase yield crops in mountainous areas Poland. There are only a few current long-term studies on this topic. Our study aimed at analyzing and competitiveness as well economic indicators cereals pure or mixed sowings integrated organic crop rotations over nine years. A field experiment including oats, barley, triticale their two-component SCMs, each two systems, rotation, was carried out Mountainous Experimental Station...

Solidago canadensis L. is an expansive perennial that forms persistent, species-poor plant communities. It often spreads in fallow areas, displacing native floristic ingredients. Its expansiveness largely due to morphological features, but it can also be the effect of allelopathic interaction. The aim experiment was investigate aqueous extracts (decoction, infusion, and maceration) from dry S. leaves on germination early growth stages Raphanus sativus var. radicula Pers., three cultivars:...

Solidago canadensis belongs to highly invasive species in Europe, it is established ruderal, semi-natural and natural communities. To test the traits related invasiveness, experiment with potential of allelopathic compounds produced by was conducted. The aqueous extract from goldenrod leaves used examine germination early stages development Trifolium pratense, as an example fodder plant common meadows pastures. Three types were used: decoction, infusion, macerate. All extracts Canadian had a...

Herbicide resistance in weeds, including corn poppy (Papaver rhoeas L.), is an increasing problem compromising global crop production. The aims of this study were to evaluate the susceptibility P. populations Poland acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors and elucidate their mechanisms resistance. Between 2017 2020, 157 seed samples collected nationwide a dose-response with various ALS-inhibiting herbicides was performed glasshouses. This revealed 14 resistant R/S ranges 2.3–1450.2, 9.5–398.5...

Mountain ecosystems are among the most difficult areas for plant cultivation due to water erosion occurring on slopes. Growing plants in these may lead a weakening of ecosystem functions and degradation threatens sustainability. In this experiment, anti-erosion effectiveness maize, oat spring vetch were assessed through measuring LAI sheet wash from slope where had occurred. Averaged values six years field experiment (2017–2022) reveal that maize achieved maximum soil protection between...

Influence of aqueous extracts aboveground organs common crop weeds Stellaria media on germination and seedlings growth radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. radicula Pers.) was studied. Three different cultivars (i.e. ‘Rowa’, ‘Krakowianka’, ‘Półdługa’) were used to investigate if could produce allelopathins the impact differs between cultivars. The influence in various form checked, i.e. decoction, infusion, macerate, as rate, seedling (length mass), electrolyte leakage. Compared control group...

Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth. is a melliferous, phytosanitary fodder plant. An important factor in understanding the biology of this plant to investigate its allelopathic potential. In experiment conducted here, ×Triticosecale Wittm. cv. Mamut was treated with water extracts from roots, stems, leaves, and flowers phacelia at concentrations 10%, 12.5%, 15%, control 0% extract. After 7 days exposure, germination grains assessed by analysing, seedling growth, mass parameters, content,...

Allelopathy substances stimulate or inhibit seed germination, growth and development of plant species living in their neighbouring, occupying the same place directly after them. So far, considered to be insignificant, recent years they have become an important element field laboratory study. The aim this study was determine effect ethanol extracts from roots common sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), with 5 10% concentration, on growth, photosynthetic activity white mustard plants (Sinapis...

Drought is a major factor limiting plant development and negatively affecting crop yield. It was reported that mutants defective in the brassinosteroid (BR) metabolism from several species, including barley (Hordeum vulgare), show improved tolerance to drought during vegetative phase of growth. Hence, semi-dwarf BR may be regarded as an alternative breeding programs. Occurrence spike has profound effect on Thus, determining reaction semi-dwarf, BR-deficient reproductive crucial. This study...

Peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.) is grown in the gardens for its attractive look and multilateral use kitchen medicine. The plant spreads very easily producing stolons could effectively compete with other species. For purpose of this study, effect aqueous extracts from dry peppermint leaves was examined on germination, growth, fresh weight, electrolytes leakage 10 species commonly different regions world: Beta vulgaris L., Cucumis sativus Lactuca sativa Lupinus luteus Phaseolus Raphanus L....

In the environment plants are competing for water, nutrients and light, other components. Their competition is not only based on shading but allelopathic interactions as well. Sticky willy (Galium aparine L.) a nitrophilous weed growing in thickets, crop fields ruderal areas. Its sticky strongly branching stems connecting together stalks of grain make it difficult to harvest. G. wraps around limits their access light. It may secrete substances soil. The aim this study was determine effect...

The development of civilisation, urbanisation and industrialisation cause to ever increasing contamination the natural environment. Cadmium belongs this group chemical elements, which represent a serious threat, not only for proper plants but also health humans animals. Hence, interest scientists in toxic effects kind elements on various life functions organisms. aim study was investigate effect cadmium nitrate aqueous solutions photosynthetic activity degree disorganisation cell membranes...

Plants introduce chemicals into the environment that can be toxic, both for themselves and other species. Weed infestation of crops is a competition environmental resources, but at same time source chemical substances released soil, often reducing yield potential. The paper attempts to investigate allelopathic interaction aquatic extracts from dry shoots chickweed Stellaria media L. on germination development maize Zea mays seedlings ‘San’, ‘Kidemos’ ‘DKC 3441’ cultivars. Along with increase...

The changes of pH value followed by various agricultural practices are crucial for biotic components soil, along with other environmental factors, like temperature and moisture content. In this paper, the earthworms population in triticale continuous cultivation was monitored. Their presence associated agrotechnical methods (e.g., stubble crops maintained as mulch, mineral fertilization without pesticides) were assessed twice handsorting method, their during vegetation season (occurrence...

W rolnictwie tasznik pospolity (Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.) uznawany jest za uporczywy chwast upraw polowych i ogrodowych. Jednocześnie to roślina lecznicza, o działaniu przeciwkrwotocznym. swoim składzie ma wiele substancji chemicznych, różnorodnych właściwościach, potencjalnie również allelopatycznych. badaniach eksperymentalnych oceniono wpływ wodnych wyciągów z korzeni pędów tasznika na wybrane procesy fizjologiczne sałaty siewnej (Lactuca sativa L. cv ‘Maryna’). Stwierdzono, że...

Artykuł poświęcony jest niektórym aspektom substancji zapachowych pochodzenia roślinnego, stosowanych jednocześnie w przemyśle spożywczym i perfumeryjnym. Od starożytności opracowano wiele technik ekstrakcji celu uzyskania olejków eterycznych. Niektóre z nich są nadal stosowane. Nowe ekstrakcje, takie jak: mikrofalowe lub ultradźwiękowe, coraz bardziej popularne pozwalają zaoszczędzić czas oraz koszty. Niezależnie od procedury powstałe olejki eteryczne źródłem wielu związków chemicznych,...

The experiment aimed at comparison of the fresh and dry biomass aboveground parts roots redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) depending on plant density. A micro-plot (1m2 plots) was set up in 2012 experimental station Totem Field UBC, Vancouver, Canada, as a randomized block design with four replications per treatment. Three different densities were studied: 10, 30 50 pcs 1 m2. Seeds sown two terms: I – 18th July II 6th August. Plants term higher more diversed whereas plants developed...

The pro-health and pro-environmental assets of organic farming are a reason why this system is now promoted in agriculture. objective the research was to determine effect conventional crop production (potato, oat, spring vetch) on yield, water erosion, losses NPK nutrients, LAI, infiltration, fresh mass earthworms. From 2019 2021, two-factor field experiment carried out at Mountain Experimental Station located Czyrna (Southern Poland). first factor included systems: organic. second consisted...

The trophic activity of soil mesofauna, especially earthworms (the Lumbricidae family), is a key element in increasing the fertility agroecosystems. Thee food strategies that use as part networks soil, and their preferences, are still unknown. Much known about what substrate earthworms, but preferences individual species, well possibilities dynamics processing not fully understood. aim experiment was to observe amount uptake by species Lumbricus terrestris L., which common Oligochaeta...

The investigations of meadow and pasture fallows in Czyrnianka catchment area, during vegetative season year 2002, were carried out. purposes these qualifications plant communities, characterisation their habitat conditions making habitats for constant protection. 53 phytosociological relevés by classic Braun-Blanquet method performed taken under numerical classification. As a result classification the types <i>Gladiolo-Agrostietum</i> <i>Epilo bio-Juncetum</i>...