This paper explains the basic characteristics of dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs), with emphasis on effect form factor their resonance (operating) frequencies. It is followed by discussions recent developments in higher order mode, circularly polarized, dual function, and transparent designs over last few years. The idea using glass DRAs as decoration proposed demonstrated for first time.

Methodological issues in cultural and cross-cultural personality research are described. A taxonomy of these studies is presented, based on whether a study exploratory or tests hypotheses, not contextual information measured. Core methodological bias equivalence: brief overview statistical procedures to examine equivalence with focus for assessing structural (i.e., similarity meaning an instrument across cultures). Examples given which approaches, often seen as antithetical, have been...

A hemispherical dielectric resonator antenna fed by a coaxial probe is studied both theoretically and experimentally. The Green's function for the evaluation of input impedance derived rigorously expressed in form convenient numerical computations. method moments used to obtain current from which DR calculated. Both delta gap magnetic frill source models are considered. Moreover, results using reduced kernel as well exact presented. entire basis (EB) piecewise sinusoidal (PWS) expansion...

A rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) was studied theoretically and experimentally. The DRA is excited by a strip, which compatible with coaxial probe. Both linearly polarized (LP) circularly (CP) fields of the are considered. In previous studies LP DRA, only fundamental TE/sub 111/ mode has received much attention. this paper, it found that mode, together higher-order 113/ can be used to design wide-band DRA. bandwidth dual-mode over 40% for conventional simple feed. For CP...

A wideband circularly polarized (CP) trapezoidal dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is investigated in this letter. The DRA simply excited by a single 45° inclined slot fed microstrip feed line. It found that the 3-dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of proposed can be as wide 21.5%. gain varies between 5.28 and 8.40 dBi across passband (3.11-3.86 GHz). This letter also presents modified has notch at its top. version improves impedance match, AR remain almost unchanged. reflection coefficient, AR,...

Designs of the single-, dual-, wide-band rectangular dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) are discussed. Using new single-band formulas, resonance frequency DRA can be determined easily from given dimensions and vice versa. Also, formulas for designs dual-mode DRAs derived in this paper. From derivation, limit ratio is also found The used to design a dualband or wideband when two frequencies close each other. To validate our results, three were designed using formulas. In case, reflection...

Linear-/circular-polarization designs of the dual-/wide-band cylindrical dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) are presented. The <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">HEM</i> <sub xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">111</sub> and xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">113</sub> modes DRA utilized to design dual-mode DRA. A wideband antenna can be obtained by merging two resonant modes. To facilitate designs, new engineering...

The quasi-isotropic dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is investigated for the first time. It uses a small ground plane which also serves as an electric dipole. dipole combines with equivalent magnetic of DRA to generate fields. A choke (balun) connected outer conductor coaxial cable suppress stray radiation. ANSYS HFSS was used simulate antenna, and prototype operating at 2.4-GHz WLAN band fabricated verify simulation. Results show that difference between measured maximum minimum radiation...

A new compact omnidirectional circularly polarized (CP) cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with a top-loaded modified Alford loop is investigated. Fed by an axial probe, the DRA excited in its <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\rm TM}_{01\delta}$</tex> </formula> -mode, which radiates like vertically electric monopole. The comprises central circular patch and four curved...

The rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) centrally fed by a probe is investigated. Its operating mode analogous to the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TM</i> <sub xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">011</sub> of cylindrical DRA. DRA radiates like an electric monopole, generating omnidirectional linearly polarized (LP) fields. Based on this LP design, novel circularly (CP) studied for first time. Slots are...

At millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequencies, the size of dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) may be too small to fabricate precisely. To relax precision problem fabrication, it is proposed obtain a larger DRA by designing with its higher-order mode. In this paper, rectangular mm-wave slot-fed excited in mode investigated systematically. It found that when slot centrally located beneath DRA, <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TEpqr</i> can...

This letter investigates dual-band and wideband designs of dual-polarized cylindrical dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs). These make use the fundamental <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\rm HEM}_{111}$</tex></formula> mode higher-order xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex HEM}_{113}$</tex></formula> DRA. The strip- slot-fed excitation methods are used for Ports 1 2...

A wideband omnidirectional dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with filtering response is investigated. The DRA placed on a circular patch and excited by hybrid feed that consists of probe metallic disk. Two DR modes (TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01δ</sub> TM xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">013</sub> modes) along mode are simultaneously the feed, providing broad bandwidth 52.8%. feeding scheme also establishes...

A wideband omnidirectional circularly polarized (CP) rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is investigated in this communication. An inclined slot, loaded by a parasitic conducting strip, fabricated on each sidewall of the DRA. The strips can excite CP mode, which combines with DRA mode to provide axial-ratio (AR) bandwidth more than 25%. To fully utilize increased AR bandwidth, impedance also broadened introducing hollow cylinder at center region used accommodate coaxial probe that...

A compact single-polarized filtering dielectric resonator (DR) antenna (DRA) with high selectivity is investigated. The DRA fed by hybrid microstrip line/conformal strip, excited in its fundamental TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1δ1</sub> <sup xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sup> mode. Owing to different loading effects of the stub and conformal resonance frequency mode two feed lines slightly different. Such...

A two-port dual-frequency substrate-integrated antenna with a large frequency difference is presented. It consists of differentially fed slot and dielectric resonator for low- high-frequency radiation, respectively. The former loaded by hollow patch, whereas the latter fabricated inside region patch using air holes metalized vias. Beneath substrate second on which slot-coupled sources are printed to feed two antennas. For demonstration, working at 5.2-GHz WLAN band 24-GHz ISM was designed,...

In this paper, linearly polarized (LP) and circularly (CP) filtering dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) are presented. They have conducting loops inside them. Equivalent horizontal magnetic dipoles can be obtained from the HEM <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{11\delta }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mode of DRA loop structure. When they equal in magnitude but opposite phase, radiated...

By replacing the metallic patch of a microstrip antenna with high permittivity thin dielectric slab, new type antenna, designated as dense (DD antenna), is proposed. At lower microwave frequencies, it has similar performance conventional circular operated in fundamental TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> mode. A prototype at 3.98 GHz exhibits an impedance bandwidth 1% and gain 5.6 dBi. Due to absence patch, expected that...

This letter presents a new dual-band circularly polarized (CP) dielectric resonator antenna (DRA). The design utilizes the quasi- TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">111</sub> and -TE xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">113</sub> modes of rectangular DRA, which is coupled by simple underneath aperture. Two opposite corners DRA are removed at 45 <sup xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> to obtain CP fields. A...

A three-dimensional (3-D)-printed wideband multi-ring dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is investigated for the first time. It consists of four concentric rings with decreasing effective constants in radial direction. To facilitate 3-D-printed design, a basic unit cubic cell that can be easily adjusted to provide different used. An axial coaxial probe used excite DRA three transverse magnetic (TM) modes (TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...