The orexigenic peptide ghrelin increases the release of dopamine in nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell via central receptors, especially those located ventral tegmental area (VTA). activity VTA neurons projecting to NAc shell, involves somatodendritic within VTA. However, effects on concomitant and is unknown. It further unknown whether addictive drugs, such as alcohol amphetamine, enhance levels both these areas receptor dependent mechanisms. Thus, a antagonist, JMV2959, ability i) ii) systemic...

The ability of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) to reduce food intake involves activation GLP-1 receptors (GLP-1R) in the nucleus solitary tract (NTS). It has also been demonstrated that systemic administration GLP-1R agonists attenuates alcohol-mediated behaviors via, date, unknown mechanisms. Therefore, we evaluated effects NTS-GLP-1R by exendin-4 (Ex4) on alcohol-induced locomotor stimulation, accumbal dopamine release and memory alcohol reward conditioned place preference (CPP) model...

Amphetamine dependence, besides its substantial economical consequence, is a serious cause of mortality and morbidity. By investigations the neurochemical correlates through which addictive drugs, such as amphetamine, activate mesoaccumbal dopamine system unique targets for treatment drug addiction can be identified. This reward link consists projection from ventral tegmental area to nucleus accumbens (NAc) suggesting that these brain areas are important reward. The physiological function...

Abstract The mechanisms contributing to alcohol use disorder (AUD) are complex and the orexigenic peptide ghrelin, which enhances reward, is implied as a crucial modulator. major proportion of circulating ghrelin however non-octanoylated form des-acyl (DAG), whose role in reward processes unknown. As recent studies show that DAG decreases food intake, we hypothesize attenuates alcohol-related responses animal models. Acute repeated treatment dose-dependently decreased drinking male female...

Aggressive behaviour is of crucial importance in the defence for limited resources including food and mates involves central serotonin as well dopamine signalling. As ghrelin modulates intake sexual we initially investigated hypothesis that signalling regulates aggressive resident intruder paradigm male mice. Moreover, interaction between serotonergic, noradrenergic dopaminergic neurotransmission aggression was investigated. The relevance human per se induced by alcohol evaluated a genetic...

Abstract Alcohol use disorder is a complex neuropsychiatric affecting both males and females worldwide; however, the efficacy of current pharmacotherapies varies. Recent advances show that gut‐brain peptides, like amylin, regulate alcohol behavioural responses by acting on brain areas involved in reward processes. Thus, activation amylin receptors (AMYRs) salmon calcitonin (sCT) decreases behaviours male rodents. Given sCT also activates sole receptor (CTR), studies more selective AMYR...

The gut-brain peptide glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) reduces reward from palatable food and drugs of abuse. Recent rodent studies show that activation GLP-1 receptors (GLP-1R) within the nucleus solitary tract (NTS) not only suppresses motivation intake food, but also alcohol-related behaviors. As induced by addictive sexual behaviors involve similar neurocircuits, we hypothesized GLP-1R behavior in sexually naïve male mice. We initially identified systemic administration agonist, exendin-4...

The behavioural responses to nicotine involve appetite-regulatory hormones; however, the effects of anorexigenic hormone amylin on reward-related behaviours induced by remain be established. Previous studies have shown that amylinergic pathway regulates alcohol, amphetamine and cocaine. Here, we evaluated salmon calcitonin (sCT), an receptor (CTR) agonist, nicotine-induced locomotor stimulation sensitisation as well dopamine release in nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell. Moreover, investigated...

Besides reducing food intake and controlling energy balance, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) suppresses the reinforcing properties of palatable foods addictive drugs. This reduction in reward involves activation GLP-1 receptors (GLP-1R) within areas processing natural artificial rewards, including laterodorsal tegmental area (LDTg), ventral (VTA) nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell. These are part a neurocircuitry mediating from drugs rewards sexual behaviors. The male encounter with female...

The physiological effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are mainly centered on its ability to decrease blood glucose levels and facilitate satiety. Additional functions have been identified by means GLP-1 agonists such as exenatide (exendin-4; Ex4). In particular, Ex4 reduces the intake natural artificial rewards, that some extent involve activation receptors in nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). Although acts brain, neurochemical mechanisms underlying this not fully elucidated....

Abstract Aggression is a complex social behavior, which provoked in the defense of limited resources including food and mates. Recent advances show that gut-brain hormone ghrelin modulates aggressive behaviors. As glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) reduces intake sexual behaviors its potential role likely. Therefore, we investigated tentative link between GLP-1 by combining preclinical human genetic-association studies. The influence acute or repeated injections receptor (GLP-1R) agonist,...

Emerging evidence suggest that appetite-regulating peptides modulate social behaviors. We here investigate whether the anorexigenic peptide neuromedin U (NMU) modulates sexual behavior in male mice. However, instead of modulating behaviors, NMU administered into third ventricle increased self-grooming behavior. In addition, NMU-treatment when exposed to other mice or olfactory social-cues, but not non-social environments. As neuropeptide oxytocin is released during investigation and...

Abstract Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R) agonists, such as exendin‐4 (Ex4), liraglutide and dulaglutide, regulate glucose homeostasis are thus used to treat diabetes type II. GLP‐1 also contributes towards a variety of additional physiological functions, including suppression reward improvement learning. Acute activation GLP‐1R in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell, an area essential for motivation, reduces motivation consume sucrose or alcohol when assessed simple motor task....

<title>Abstract</title> The underlying neurobiology of alcohol use disorder (AUD) is complex and needs further unraveling, with one the key mechanisms being gut-brain peptide ghrelin its receptor (GHSR). However, additional substrates pathway, such as liver-expressed antimicrobial 2 (LEAP2), an endogenous GHSR inverse agonist, may contribute to this neurobiological framework. While LEAP2 modulates feeding reward through central mechanisms, effects on responses are unknown. aim present study...

Background and Purpose The limited effectiveness of current pharmacological treatments for alcohol use disorder (AUD) highlights the need novel therapies. These may involve glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor or amylin receptor, as treatment with agonists targeting either these receptors lowers intake. complexity mechanisms underlying AUD indicates that combining agents could enhance efficacy. While a combination GLP‐1 reduced food intake body weight synergistic‐like, its influence on is...

Abstract Objective: Combining different pharmaceuticals may be beneficial when treating disorders with complex neurobiology, including alcohol use disorder (AUD). The gut-brain peptides amylin and GLP-1 of potential interest as they individually reduce intake in rodents. While the combination receptor (AMYR) glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1R) agonists have been found to decrease feeding body weight obese male rats synergistically, their combined impact on is unknown. Methods: Therefore, effect...