This comprehensive review addresses the fundamentals of photocatalytic mechanism, recent developments in materials synthesis and reactor design.

A series of experiments is reported to identify and characterize the inactivation process in operation when drinking water, heavily contaminated with a Kenyan isolate Escherichia coli, stored transparent plastic bottles that are then exposed sunlight. The roles optical thermal mechanisms studied detail by simulating conditions irradiance, water turbidity temperature, which were recorded during solar disinfection measurements carried out Rift Valley. Optical effects observed even highly...

ABSTRACT Batch solar disinfection (SODIS) inactivation kinetics are reported for suspensions in water of Campylobacter jejuni , Yersinia enterocolitica enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Staphylococcus epidermidis and endospores Bacillus subtilis exposed to strong natural sunlight Spain Bolivia. The exposure time required complete (at least 4-log-unit reduction below the limit detection, 17 CFU/ml) under conditions (maximum global irradiance, ∼1,050 W m −2 ± 10 ) was as follows: C. 20 min; S....

Background Diarrhoea and malnutrition are the leading cause of morbidity mortality among children in areas with poor access to clean water, improved sanitation, low socioeconomic status. This study was designed determine prevalence diarrhoea, risk factors aged 6–59 months Tigray Region Northern Ethiopia. Methods A community based cross-sectional design conducted from June August 2017 assess magnitude associated diarrhoea children. standardized questionnaire used collect data on...

We report simulations of the thermal effect strong equatorial sunshine on water samples contaminated with high populations fecal coliforms. Water samples, heavily a wild-type strain Escherichia coli (starting population = 20 x 10(5) CFU/ml), are heated to those temperatures recorded for 2-liter stored in transparent plastic bottles and exposed full Kenyan (maximum temperature, 55 degrees C). The completely disinfected within 7 h, no viable E. organisms detected at either end experiment or...

<h3>BACKGROUND AND AIMS</h3> We have previously reported a reduction in risk of diarrhoeal disease children who used solar disinfected drinking water. A cholera epidemic, occurring an area Kenya which controlled trial disinfection and aged under 6 had recently finished, offered opportunity to examine the protection by against cholera. <h3>METHODS</h3> In original trial, all Maasai community were randomised household: arm, drank water leaving it on roof clear plastic bottle, while controls...

349 Maasai children younger than 6 years old were randomised by alternate household to drink water either left in plastic bottles exposed sunlight on the roof of house or kept indoors (control). The trial was run community elders. Children drinking solar disinfected had a significantly lower risk severe diarrhoeal disease over 8705 two weekly follow up visits; week period prevalence 48.8% compared with 58.1% controls, corresponding an attributable fraction 16.0%. While this reduction is...

To determine whether batch solar disinfection (SODIS) can be used to inactivate oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum and cysts Giardia muris in experimentally contaminated water.Suspensions were exposed simulated global irradiation 830 W m(-2) for different exposure times at a constant temperature 40 degrees C. Infectivity tests carried out using CD-1 suckling mice the experiments newly weaned experiments. Exposure > or =10 h (total optical dose c. 30 kJ) rendered noninfective. completely...

We report the results of a randomized controlled intervention study (September 2007 to March 2009) investigating effect solar disinfection (SODIS) drinking water on incidence dysentery, nondysentery diarrhea, and anthropometric measurements height weight among children age 6 months 5 years living in peri-urban rural communities Nakuru, Kenya. compared 555 404 households using SODIS with 534 361 no intervention. Dysentery was recorded pictorial diary. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) for both...

Solar Disinfection of water (SODIS) is a treatment method that traditionally exposes low turbidity filled in clear bottles to direct sunlight up 6 h. Typically, should have lower than 30 NTU before solar exposure; however turbidities sources communities vary and can reach higher 200 NTU. In order reduce turbidity, flocculating agents like Moringa oleifera (Moringa) may be used. this study we assess the efficacy turbid as pretreatment for SODIS. We initially evaluate two preparations–...

Solar disinfection (SODIS) in 2-L bottles is a well-established drinking water treatment technique, suitable for rural, peri‑urban, or isolated communities tropical sub-tropical climates. In this work, we assess the enlargement of volume by using cheap, large scale plastic vessels. The bactericidal performance SODIS and two solar-Fe2+ based enhancements, namely photo-Fenton (light/H2O2/Fe2+) peroxymonosulfate activation (light/PMS/Fe2+) were assessed 19-L polycarbonate (PC) 25-L polyethylene...

Solar water disinfection (SODIS) is a simple, inexpensive and sustainable Household Water Treatment (HWT) that appropriate for low-income countries or emergency situations. Usually, SODIS involves solar exposure of contained in transparent polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles minimum 6 h. Sunlight, especially UVB radiation, has been demonstrated to photoinactivate bacteria, viruses protozoa. In this work, an in-depth study the optical mechanical properties, weathering production prices...

Research Article| May 01 2001 Does sunlight change the material and content of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles? M. Wegelin; Wegelin 1EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science Technology, P.O. Box 611, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland Search other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar S. Canonica; Canonica C. Alder; Alder D. Marazuela; Marazuela J.-F. Suter; Suter Th. Bucheli; Bucheli 2ETHZ, Department Chemistry, Zurich, O. P. Haefliger; Haefliger R....

Abstract BACKGROUND: A simple point‐of‐use solar disinfection (SODIS) reactor was designed to treat 25 L of water and constructed from a methacrylate tube placed along the linear focus compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) mounted at 37° inclination. Experiments were carried out over 7 month period by seeding 10 6 CFU mL −1 concentration Escherichia coli K‐12 in well or turbid mimic field conditions determine microbial effectiveness reactor. RESULTS: During periods strong sunlight, complete...

To determine the efficacy of solar disinfection (SODIS) in disinfecting water contaminated with poliovirus and Acanthamoeba polyphaga cysts.Organisms were subjected to a simulated global irradiance 850 Wm(-2) temperatures between 25 55 degrees C. SODIS at C totally inactivated after 6-h exposure (reduction 4.4 log units). No SODIS-induced reduction A. cyst viability was observed for sample below 45 Total inactivation only 50 (3.6 unit reduction) 4 h (3.3 reduction).SODIS is an effective...