Where access to facilities for childhood diarrhea and pneumonia is inadequate, community case management (CCM) an effective way of improving care. In Pakistan, utilization CCM these diseases through the Lady Health Worker Program remains low. Challenges persist leading delayed care poor outcomes. Estimating caregiver knowledge, understanding their perceptions practices, recognizing how are related seeking decisions about crucial bring coherence between supply demand-side practices. Data was...

Community health worker motivation is an important consideration for improving performance and addressing maternal, newborn, child in low middle-income countries. Therefore, identifying system interventions that address motivating factors resource-strained settings essential. This study part of a larger implementation research project called Nigraan, which intervening on supportive supervision the Lady Health Worker Programme to improve community case management pneumonia diarrhea rural...

Abstract Aim To assess the effect of enhanced supportive supervision lady health workers ( LHW s) by supervisors on integrated community case management childhood pneumonia and diarrhoea. Methods A total thirty‐four were randomly assigned to intervention comparison arms. The included training supervisory skills written feedback s supervisors. performance both cadres was assessed three times. Household surveys judged caregiver practices. Results Intervention arm performed better than those in...

Abstract Background In 2005, Pakistan was first labeled as a country with concentrated epidemic of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). This revealed through second generation surveillance conducted by HIV/AIDS Surveillance Project (HASP). While injection drug users (IDUs) were driving the epidemic, subsequent surveys showed that Hijra (transgender) sex workers (HSWs) emerging most vulnerable group an average national prevalence 6.4%. An exceptionally high (27.6%) found in Larkana, which is...

Pakistan's Lady Health Worker Programme aims to provide care children sick with pneumonia and diarrhoea, which continues cause 27 % under-five mortality in Pakistan. The quality of supervision received by Workers (LHWs) the programme influence their knowledge skills, turn impacting ability care. This study is part an implementation research project titled "Nigraan" (an Urdu word meaning supervisor), explores LHW Supervisor (LHS) perspectives regarding role improving LHWs performance...

Exploring the behavior change process has been of interest and importance to public health professionals, translate research into practice. Diffusion innovations (DOI) model extensively applied in examine by which innovation is passively communicated individuals groups. It builds on a staged awareness, persuasion, decision, implementation, confirmation; categorizes communities innovators (2.5%), early adopters (13.5%), majority (34%), late (34%) laggards (16%). reflects diversity strategies...

Since a decade, low and middle income countries have rising trend of contracting their primary healthcare services to NGOs. In Pakistan, public sector often lacks capacity effectively & equitably manage the services. It led government outsource administration health care semi-autonomous entity i.e. Peoples' Primary Healthcare Initiative (PPHI). This small scale study has assessed quality at contracted Basic Health Units (BHUs) with PPHI compared it those managed by local district in province...

Despite free tuberculosis (TB) care in Pakistan, patients still have to bear high costs, which push them into poverty. This study estimated the pre- and post-diagnosis costs households for TB care, investigated coping mechanisms among adults ≥ 18 years Karachi, Pakistan.We conducted a cross-sectional comprising of 516 identified with completion at least one month intensive treatment from four public sector health facilities two institutes Pakistan. A standardized questionnaire estimate...

Dyspnea is the frequent cause of exercise intolerance and physical inactivity among patients referred for tolerance test. Diastolic dysfunction has shown significant correlation with capacity induced dyspnea. To find out frequency diastolic (DD) relationships between impaired dyspnea DD by Doppler-derived indices stress test in a tertiary care hospital Karachi.For this study 135 consecutive who were at our non-invasive lab screened eligibility. Patients valvular pathology, atrial...

Karachi is the largest metropolis of Pakistan and its economic hub attracting domestic migrants for opportunities. It also epicenter HIV epidemic in country. Since 2004, one pilot study four behavioral biological surveillance rounds have been conducted Karachi. In addition many student research projects focused on key risk groups including injection drug users (IDUs). As a result this extra ordinary exposure same kind questions, IDUs know how to respond high value questions related sharing...

Background: Rapid urbanization has led to emergence of squatter settlements with poor infrastructure and compromised basic amenities. These conditions expose vulnerable groups like women children serious health risks. This paper presents the status maternal child in a settlement Karachi.Methods: Health Demographic Surveillance System was established Sultanabad, Karachi. Households were eligible be enrolled if there married woman 15-49 years age. Data on socio-demographic, indicators...

Background: Despite 60% coverage by Lady Health Worker (LHW) Program, 30% of child deaths in Pakistan are still due to diarrhea and pneumonia. Caregivers an important stakeholder yet there is little information on their case management practices utilization LHW Program. This study explored caregivers’ knowledge about childhood pneumonia utility services before after a supportive supervision intervention. Methods: Cross sectional surveys were conducted with (mothers) pre post intervention...

<b>Background/Objective:</b> Link between tuberculosis (TB) and poverty is well established. This study aimed to estimate household expenditure for TB care its determinants among adults ≥ 18 years in Karachi, Pakistan. <b>Methods:</b> Four public hospitals an urban setting was selected. Participants who had completed at least 1-month intensive phase treatment were recruited via non-probability sampling. A standardized questionnaire, "tool patient9s costs" modified used getting costs...

Abstract Background Our study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of respiratory symptoms (RS) in an adult population aged ≥ 40 years Karachi, Pakistan. Methods A based cross-sectional was conducted. Multi-stage cluster random sampling technique used to enroll 1052 participants. Questionnaire on Burden Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) protocol assess chronic cough, phlegm, wheezing shortness breath (SOB). Logistic regression analyses were conducted determine associated with RS....

Labour migrants who travel overseas for employment can face deep health inequities driven in large part by upstream social and structural determinants of health. We sought to study the 'labour migrant ecosystem' between one sending country (Pakistan) host (Qatar), with a focus on how ecosystem realizes rights labour when addressing (e.g. housing, law, etc.) Study objectives were (1) undertake an in-depth review policies both Pakistan Qatar, analysing extent which these align global guidance,...