As a fundamental property of light, the angular momentum photons has been great interest. Here, we demonstrate that optical spin-to-orbital conversion can occur in homogeneous and isotropic medium. This Letter presents both theoretical experimental studies this tightly focused beam shows orbital rotation speeds trapped particles are altered because as predicted by theory.

This paper describes a method, which combines optical trapping and microfluidic-based droplet generation, for selectively controllably encapsulating single target cell or subcellular structure, such as mitochondrion, into picoliter- femtoliter-volume aqueous that is surrounded by an immiscible phase. Once the selected organelle encased within droplet, it stably confined in cannot be removed. We demonstrate rapid laser photolysis of cell, essentially "freezes" state was at moment confines...

Background: Impairments of mitochondrial function in the heart are linked intricately to development failure, but there is no therapy for dysfunction. Methods: We assessed reduced/oxidized ratio nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH/NAD + ratio) and protein acetylation failing heart. Proteome acetylome analyses were followed by docking calculation, mutagenesis, calcium uptake assays determine functional role specific sites. The therapeutic effects normalizing expanding NAD pool also...

Phosphorylation of tau protein is a critical event in the pathogenesis Alzheimer's disease (AD). Increased phosphorylated and total levels, combined with reduced concentrations amyloid-β 1–42 (Aβ42 ) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), but no

Single-cell nanosurgery and the ability to manipulate nanometer-sized subcellular structures with optical tweezers has widespread applications in biology but so far been limited by difficulties maintaining functionality of transported organelles. This difficulty arises because propensity photodamage trapped object. To address this issue, paper describes use a polarization-shaped vortex trap, which exerts less on particle than conventional tweezers, for carrying out single-cell nanosurgical...

This paper describes a fluidic and optical platform for the generation manipulation of single femtoliter-volume aqueous droplets. Individual droplets were generated on-demand using microfluidic chamber that confers environmental flow stability. Optical vortex traps implemented to manipulate transport droplets, which have lower refractive index than immiscible medium in are immersed thus cannot be trapped conventional tweezers. We also demonstrated ability shrink increase droplet, thereby...

Not merely a drop in the ocean: The integration of capillary electrophoresis (CE) with droplet generation driven by electroosmotic flow enabled compartimentalization molecular components separated CE series droplets (see picture; green bars represent analytes). droplet-confined bands can be docked and studied on chip.

DJ-1 is a multifunctional protein that plays an important role in oxidative stress, cell death and synucleinopathies, including Parkinson disease. Previous studies have demonstrated total levels decrease the cerebrospinal fluid, but do not change significantly human plasma from patients with disease when compared controls. In this study, we measured its isoforms whole blood of at various stages, Alzheimer healthy controls to identify potential peripheral biomarkers PD. initial discovery...

Surface acoustic wave nebulization (SAWN) has recently been reported as a novel method to transfer non-volatile analytes directly from solution the gas phase for mass spectrometric analysis. Here we present comparison of survival yield SAWN versus electrospray ionization (ESI) produced ions. A series substituted benzylpyridinium (BzPy) compounds were utilized measure ion which energetics inferred. We also estimated bond dissociation energies using higher level quantum chemical calculations...

This paper demonstrates the ability to use capillary electrophoresis (CE) separation coupled with laser-induced fluorescence for analyzing contents of single femtoliter-volume aqueous droplets. A droplet was formed using a T-channel (3 μm wide by 3 tall) connected microinjectors, and then fluidically moved an immiscible boundary that isolates CE channel (50 50 from generation region. Fusion effectively injects content into channel. In addition injecting droplets, we found samples can be...

This paper describes the use of an optical vortex trap for transport and fusion single femtoliter-volume aqueous droplets. Individual droplets were generated by emulsifying water in acetophenone with SPAN 80 surfactant. We demonstrate ability traps to position trapped precisely while excluding surrounding from entering trap, thereby preventing unwanted cross contamination other nearby Additionally, limitation inducing droplet is illustrated, a remedy provided through modulation spatial...

Surface acoustic wave nebulization (SAWN) is a novel method to transfer nonvolatile analytes directly from the aqueous phase gas for mass spectrometric analysis. The lower ion energetics of SAWN and its planar nature make it appealing analytically challenging lipid samples. This challenge result their amphipathic nature, labile tendency form aggregates, which readily precipitate clogging capillaries used electrospray ionization (ESI). Here, we report use characterize complex glycolipid, A,...

As microfluidic systems transition from research tools to disposable clinical-diagnostic devices, new substrate materials are needed meet both the regulatory requirement as well economics of devices. This paper introduces a UV-curable polyurethane-methacrylate (PUMA) that has been qualified for medical use and meets all challenges manufacturing PUMA is optically transparent, biocompatible, exhibits high electroosmotic mobility without surface modification. We report two production processes...

Abstract Chondroitin sulfates (CS) are long, negatively charged, unbranched glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains attached to CS-proteoglycan (CSPG) core proteins that comprise the glycan component in both loose interstitial extracellular matrices (ECMs) and rigid, structured perineuronal net (PNN) scaffolds within brain. As aberrant CS-PNN formations have been linked a range of pathological states, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) schizophrenia, analysis CS-GAGs brain tissue at disaccharide...

We compared mass spectrometric (MS) performance of surface acoustic wave nebulization (SAWN) generated by a single interdigitated transducer (IDT) designed to produce progressive (PW) one with dual IDT that can in theory generate standing waves (SW). Given devices using IDTs had been shown fewer large size droplets on average, we hypothesized they would improve MS improving the efficiency desolvation. Indeed, SW-SAWN chip provided an improved limit detection 1 femtomole peptide placed making...

This paper describes the quantitative force mapping of micron-sized particles held in an optical vortex trap. We present a simple and efficient model, which accounts for diffraction strongly localized field tightly focused laser beam, spherical aberration introduced by dielectric glass-to-water interface, employs multidipole approximation calculations, is able to reproduce, with agreement, experimentally measured map.

Mutations in dystrophin lead to Duchenne muscular dystrophy, which is among the most common human genetic disorders. Dystrophin nucleates assembly of dystrophin–glycoprotein complex (DGC), and a defective DGC disrupts an essential link between intracellular cytoskeleton basal lamina, leading progressive muscle wasting. In vitro studies have suggested that phosphorylation may affect interactions with actin or syntrophin, yet whether this occurs vivo affects protein function remains unknown....

We present a piezoelectric transducer for standing wave surface acoustic nebulization (SW-SAWN) patterned with anisotropic ratchet conveyors (ARCs) to automate the sample preparation and droplet delivery.

This paper characterizes cell viability in three different lines—Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO), neuroblastoma fused with glialoma (NG108-15) and murine embryonic stem (ES-D3)—after N2 laser disruption of the membrane removal, via optical trapping, a single subcellular organelle. Morphological changes (as determined by live/dead fluorescent stains) were monitored every half hour over 4-h period postsurgery. The ability to survive organelle extraction was found depend both on conditions...

Abstract Mehr als ein Tropfen im Meer : Die Kombination von Kapillarelektrophorese (CE) mit elektroosmotischer Tröpfchenerzeugung ermöglicht die Kompartimentalisierung durch CE getrennten molekularen Komponenten in einzelnen Tröpfchen (siehe Bild; grünen Balken repräsentieren Analyte). tröpfchenweise separierten Banden können auf einem Chip untersucht oder isoliert und separat analysiert werden. magnified image

Abstract A series of hyperbranched polycarbosilanes were synthesized and coated on the inner surface fused‐silica capillaries by chemical bonding. The end groups modified with β‐cyclodextrin derivatives. chiral isomers ofloxacin chlorpheniramine separated this new type capillary electrophoresis column high‐column efficiency was achieved. results showed that completely at pH 3.0; separation resolution 2.32, theoretical plates greater than 4.5 × 10 4 m −1 . © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J...

Rationale The Precursor Acquisition Independent From Ion Count (PAcIFIC) method is a data-independent acquisition technique capable of identifying proteins over eight orders magnitude in single analysis human plasma. Widespread application this proteomic studies hindered by its time-intensive nature. There exists need to explore strategies increase the throughput PAcIFIC method. Methods was optimized for use with an Orbitrap mass spectrometer fitted captive spray ionization (CSI) source....