Theories from the psychology of communication may be applicable in understanding why hand-off is inherently problematic. The purpose this study was to assess whether postcall pediatric interns can correctly estimate patient care information and rationale received by on-call during communication.Pediatric at University Chicago were interviewed about hand-off. Postcall asked predict what would report as important pieces communicated each patient, with accompanying rationale. also guessed...

Understanding worldwide patterns of language diversity has long been a goal for evolutionary scientists, linguists and philosophers. Research over the past decade suggested that linguistic may result from differences in social environments which languages evolve. Specifically, recent work found spoken larger communities typically have more systematic grammatical structures. However, real world, community size is confounded with other factors such as network structure number second learners...

Non-native speakers have lower linguistic competence than native speakers, which renders their language less reliable in conveying intentions. We suggest that expectations of lead listeners to adapt manner processing when they listen non-native speakers. propose use cognitive resources adjust by increasing reliance on top-down processes and extracting information from the speaker. An eye-tracking study supports our proposal showing following instructions a speaker, make more...

Abstract People are more likely to believe things that easier process. Foreign‐accented speech is relatively difficult process, and prior research shows that, correspondingly, people information less when it delivered in a foreign accent rather than native accent. Here we show short exposure can reduce this bias, the reduction bias due improvement processing of These results demonstrate how cognitive aspects language influence attitudes. The also suggest ensuring discrimination against...

The language of non-native speakers is less reliable than the native in conveying speaker's intentions. We propose that listeners expect such reduced reliability and this leads them to adjust manner which they process represent by representing detail. Experiment 1 shows when people listen a story, are able detect word change with speaker. This suggests speaker fewer details. 2 that, above certain threshold, higher participants' working memory is, adjustment depends on memory. research has...

Infants and adults learn new phonological varieties better when exposed to multiple rather than a single speaker. This article tests whether having larger social network similarly facilitates performance. Experiment 1 shows that people with networks are at vowel perception in noise, indicating the benefit of laboratory exposure speakers extends real life experience tested their native language. Furthermore, experiment this association is not due differences amount input or cognitive between...

Abstract Social network structure has been argued to shape the of languages, as well affect spread innovations and formation conventions in community. Specifically, theoretical computational models language change predict that sparsely connected communities develop more systematic while tightly knit can maintain high levels linguistic complexity variability. However, role social cultural evolution languages never tested experimentally. Here, we present results from a behavioral group...

Models of language learning often assume that we learn from all the input receive. This assumption is particularly strong in domain short-term and long-term grammatical convergence, where researchers argue convergence mostly an automatic process insulated social factors. article shows degree to which individuals modulated by contextual factors, such as speaker liked their standing. Furthermore, modulation found experiments test generalized rather than during interaction. thus importance...

We learn language from our social environment. In general, the more sources we have, less informative each of them is, and weight should assign it. If this is case, people who interact with fewer others be susceptible to influence their interlocutors. This paper tests whether indeed other have malleable phonological representations. Using a perceptual learning paradigm, shows that individuals regularly are likely change boundary between /d/ /t/ following exposure an atypical speaker. It...

Categorization is the foundation of many cognitive functions. Importantly, categories we use to structure world are informed by language speak. For example, whether perceive dark blue, light and green be shades one, two, or three different colors depends on speak Berinmo, English, Russian, respectively. Different languages, then, differ how granular their are, but source these differences still poorly understood. Understanding cross-linguistic in linguistic categorization important because...

Abstract People differ in the size of their social network, and thus properties linguistic input they receive. This article examines whether differences network influence individuals’ skills native language, focusing on global comprehension evaluative language. Study 1 exploits natural variation shows that individuals with larger networks are better at understanding valence restaurant reviews. 2 manipulated by randomly assigning participants to learn novel words as used two (small network)...

Abstract There is great variation in whether foreign sounds loanwords are adapted or retained. Importantly, the retention of can lead to a sound change language. We propose that social factors influence likelihood loanword adaptation, and use this case introduce novel experimental paradigm for studying language captures role factors. Specifically, we show relative prestige donor loanword’s semantic domain influences rate adaptation. further speakers adapt performance their ‘community',...

Abstract Sociolinguistic research shows that listeners' expectations of speakers influence their interpretation the speech, yet this is often ignored in cognitive models language comprehension. Here, we focus on case interactions between native and non‐native speakers. Previous literature listeners process less detail, because they expect them to have lower linguistic competence. We show processing increases lexical competition access general, not only speaker's leads poorer memory one's own...

People learn language from their social environment. As individuals differ in networks, they might be exposed to input with different lexical distributions, and these influence linguistic representations choices. In this article we test the relation between performance 3 network properties that should variability, namely, size, heterogeneity, density. particular, examine how prediction, access, use. To do so, Study 1, participants predicted people of ages would name pictures, 2 named...

Abstract Successful communication is important for both society and people’s personal life. Here we show that people can improve their skills by interacting with multiple others, this improvement seems to come about a greater tendency take the addressee’s perspective when there are partners. In Experiment 1, during training phase, participants described figures new partner in each round or same all rounds. Then interacted recordings from were presented naïve listeners. Participants who had...

Abstract Bilinguals experience diminished emotion when using their foreign compared with native language. The has been shown to lead more lenient moral evaluations in a Here we show that non-native speakers of English are less sensitive emotional mitigating circumstances crime than speakers, presumably because the emotion. This can provide harsher, rather lenient, evaluations. Native and recommended sentence duration for crimes committed (e.g., fraud pay spouse's medical treatment) or...

Why do swear words sound the way they do? Swear are often thought to have sounds that render them especially fit for purpose, facilitating expression of emotion and attitude. To date, however, there has been no systematic cross-linguistic investigation phonetic patterns in profanity. In an initial, pilot study we explored statistical regularities across a range typologically distant languages. The best candidate phonemic pattern profanity was absence approximants (sonorous like l, r, w y)....

There is great variability in whether foreign sounds loanwords are adapted, such that segments show cross‐word and cross‐situational variation adaptation. Previous research proposed word frequency, speakers' level of bilingualism neighborhoods' can explain variability. We test for the effect these factors propose two additional factors: interlocutors' prestige donor language loanword's domain. Analyzing elicited productions from Spanish into Mexicano a village where enjoy complementary...