The residual stress generated after thin layer TiN coating by Physical Vapor Deposition is reducing the mechanical and tribological properties of TiN. Thermal stresses are one components which can cause failure modes proper coatings. In this article, a validated computational simulation was developed to investigate effect physical thermal on coating, including deposition temperature, Young's modulus expansion coefficient thicknesses substrate. An analytical method using Stoney & Tsui model...

A thermoelectric generator can produce electrical energy using the extra heat from many sources, such as a Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) cooking stove. This study aimed to examine impact of varying LPG mass flow rates on temperatures and power output (TEG). The stove was altered by incorporating hot side exchanger enclose burner, enabling integration four generators coupled in series configuration. temperature TEG cold sides measured thermocouples recorded data logger controlled an Arduino....

The photovoltaic panel has become the most promising alternative technology for energy demand. Solar trackers have been used to improve efficiency of a maximize sun’s exposure. In high temperatures, however, is significantly reduced. This study observes photovoltaic/thermoelectric generator performance driven by dual-axis solar tracking system. A was built and equipped with angle radiation sensors. microcontroller processes sensor signal drives motor follow movement in two-axis directions....

Solar energy resources have been widely harvested through the use of photovoltaic cells. Nevertheless, its effectiveness is still tricky because Sun's heat rarely considered. This study examined performance a photovoltaic-coupled thermoelectric generator. Temperature and light sensors were put in system linked to data-collecting system. The result demonstrates that adding generator lowers temperature, increasing combined solar generator's power efficiency. endeavor aims create more efficient...

Multilayer armour system (MAS) becomes the best choice in reinforcing protection for military officers against projectile attack which has a high velocity of up to 7.62×51 mm NATO ball lead core (projectile level III NIJ standard) or AP hard steel IV standard). This study aimed analyze damage formation wolfram carbide (WC) ceramic and ramie fiber composites. The frontmost MAS uses WC is enveloped by back layer composites with epoxy resin material as matrix. Ballistic testing was carried out...

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect current variation in anodizing process aluminum oxide layer thickness and corrosion resistance. Aluminum with a purity 97.34% used process. chemical composition test object as follows: Al, 0.034% Si, 0.46% Fe, 1.87% Mn, 0.043% Cu. Work on early before cleaning material mechanically brush sandpaper, followed by dipping into solution nitric acid hold for 10-20 seconds. After that, etching (chemical milling) conducted using soda (sodium...

The sun is a heat and photonic energy source that can be used as renewable sustainable source. Solar panels have thermoelectric generators in hybrid solar cell system to increase the efficiency of utilization. main objective this study was investigate role material on increased power system. built using fixed-axis panel. tilt angle selected improve received radiation photovoltaic measurement tools were attached panel, including temperature electrical output tools. tool calibrated standard...

Abstract Thermoelectric Generators (TEG) are a type of energy conversion device that uses the Seebeck effect to directly transform heat into electrical energy. The source will be transformed using this technology is one many elements determine TEG performance. Through laboratory-scale experimental tests, research examine how performance in producing electricity and temperature distribution profile affected by changing heating rate. hot surface module heated plate, which thought as wasted...

Dissimilar welding of aluminum is an innovation used to increase the effectiveness and efficiency in making a product or component. It has been applied on automotive industry, aerospace, shipbuilding. Aluminum low weldability compared with steel material because oxide layer surface aluminum. The problems can be overcome by using solid state such as friction stir (FSW). objective this study was determine strength joint microstructure dissimilar different series tensile testing performed weld...

This research aims to design an induction heating system and investigate the effect of power supply specimen diameter on temperature frequency coil. study began with development that made use circulating coolers outfitted Thermoelectric Cooler Materials (TEC). It was intended keep coil Printed Circuit Board (PCB) as low possible. used AISI 4140 steel material variations 7 mm, 14 21 28 levels 60 W, 240 540 960 W. The measured using a thermocouple connected specimen, value obtained...

Two third of the total energy in internal combustion engine (ICE) system is lost and turns as waste heat through exhaust coolant circulations. Therefore, it necessary to have a technology that able convert from ICE into electrical using thermal electric generator (TEG). To best thermoelectric (TEG) performance terms higher electricity generation, temperature on hot surface should be higher, cold low feasible. The goal study was how differences TEG cooling systems affected overall...

Plasma nitriding has attracted much interest to improve the hardness of aluminium alloys. However, contradictive properties can be produced on metal surface due saturated condition diffused nitrogen atom in layer. The objective this work was investigate effect time and gas pressure using plasma nitriding. processes were conducted a DC glow discharge with flowing inside vacuum chamber. Firstly, sample nitrided fixed 1.2 mbar varied times 3, 4, 5 6 hours. optimum producing highest then used...

Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine has emerged as a promising combustion technology. Theoretically, an HCCI can reduce both NOx and soot emissions significantly down to almost zero levels. This is possible result of two fundamental processes that occur in the engine, i.e. homogeneous mixture its autoignition characteristics. Neither spark plug nor injector used engine. The solely influenced by chemical reactions inside chamber. However, this where problems start occur. At...

The aims of the research work described in this paper is a part were to use computational fluid dynamics (CFD) investigate factors affecting performance single-stage downdraught evaporative cooling device for low-energy buildings developed from novel prototype by Pearlmutter et al. (1996; 2008); and model explore when integrated within hypothetical building. This involved carrying out simulations: select most effective wind catcher geometry. Two types using curved deflector closed cowl...

In this paper, a dynamic explicit method was used to simulate U-bending processes of aluminium and its springback. The simulation carried out using free software finite element analysis code namely Impact. model taken from benchmark in Numisheet'93. numerical results the were compared with experimental works. After optimization done process, it found that springback showed good agreement by results. Impact capable simulating predicting occurrence