In Discovering Complexity, William Bechtel and Robert Richardson examine two heuristics that guided the development of mechanistic models in life sciences: decomposition localization. Drawing on historical cases from disciplines including cell biology, cognitive neuroscience, genetics, they identify a number choice points scientists confront developing explanations show how different choices result divergent explanatory models. Describing as attempt to differentiate functional structural...

Measurements of the melting pressure a sample ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$ containing less than 40-ppm ${\mathrm{He}}^{4}$ impurities, self-cooled to below 2 mK in Pomeranchuk compression cell, indicate existence new phase solid 2.7 fundamentally different nature anticipated antiferromagnetically ordered state. At lower temperatures, evidence possibly further transition is observed. We discuss these measurements and supporting temperature measurements.

Magnetic measurements have been made on a sample of ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$ in Pomeranchuk cell. Below about 2.7 mK, the NMR line apparently associated with liquid portion shifts continuously to higher frequencies during cooling. 2 mK frequency shift vanishes, and magnitude absorption drops abruptly approximately \textonehalf{} its previous value. These are related pressure phenomena reported by Osheroff, Richardson, Lee.

Using a new technique, we measure the energy-loss lifetime for electrons in metal from 25 to 320 mK. Applying small electric field, of order 1 \ensuremath{\mu}V/cm at mK, causes carriers heat above temperature phonon bath. The difference induced reflects rate energy transport between and lattice. 1-ms 1-cm inelastic diffusion length have measured mK are largest ever obtained.

This article gives a systematic review of the many NMR experiments in solid helium to date, emphasizing view-point that results may be interpreted primarily terms effects three fundamental excitations solid: vacancy waves; $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ tunneling interaction or exchange; and $^{3}\mathrm{He}$-$^{4}\mathrm{He}$ mass fluctuation waves.

Human beings, like other organisms, are the products of evolution. Like we exhibit traits that product natural selection. Our psychological capacities evolved as much our gait and posture. This few would dispute. Evolutionary psychology goes further than this, claiming -- including a wide variety traits, from mate preference jealousy to language reason can be understood specific adaptations ancestral Pleistocene conditions. In Psychology Maladapted Psychology, Robert Richardson takes...

The molar volumes of liquid mixtures ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$ in ${\mathrm{He}}^{4}$ up to 10 molar% have been measured 22 atm pressure and 50 mK using a dielectric technique. single-phase measurements provide determination the Bardeen-Baym-Pines (BBP) parameter $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ under pressure. A weaker dependence is found than Boghosian Meyer. ground-state kinetic energy for pure deduced from $\ensuremath{\alpha}$. two-phase indicate that solubility at rises (6.6...

Measurements of $\frac{\mathrm{Tdp}}{\mathrm{dT}}$ have been made along the $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ melting curve near an anomaly at ${T}_{s}=1.17$ mK. It is found that solid-$^{3}\mathrm{He}$ entropy decreases by 80% in interval 100 \ensuremath{\mu}K ${T}_{s}$. This attributed to onset nuclear magnetic order.

This paper describes the development and use of cooperative control scheme used by intelligent pneumatic arm movement (iPAM) system to deliver safe, therapeutic treatment upper limb during voluntary reaching exercises. A set clinical engineering requirements for are identified detailed, which entail controlled, coordinated a dual robot with respect human limb. is achieved using 6-DOF model that forms controller's coordinate system. An admittance developed this such robotic assistance can be...

A method has been developed for determining the specific heat of liquid $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ on melting curve as a function temperature and magnetic field. This approach depends accurate measurement pressure volume responses to pulses applied in Pomeranchuk cell. Analysis number different experiments at particular yields both its temperature. The thermodynamic determination separately discussed another publication. Measurements were performed between 1.1 23 mK fields up 8.8 kOe. From...

We have carried out measurements of the nuclear transverse and longitudinal relaxation times ${T}_{2}$ ${T}_{1}$ in solid helium-3 between 0.35 2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Measurements over whole density range bcc phase for several frequencies 0.3 8.2 Mc/sec are presented. The value exchange parameter $J$ is determined from using theory narrowing first proposed by Anderson Weiss. also obtained time, which equal to time Zeeman bath temperature where temperature-independent. A third...

Journal Article The 'Scandal' of Cartesian Interactionism Get access R. C. RICHARDSON UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mind, Volume XCI, Issue 361, January 1982, Pages 20–37, https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/XCI.361.20 Published: 01 1982

We have found that the mobility of negative ions increases rapidly below ${T}_{c}$ in both superfluid $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ phases. The ratio $\frac{\ensuremath{\mu}}{{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{N}}$ to normal is larger $B$ phase than $A$ phase. A critical velocity consistent magnitude with Landau limit for pair breaking has also been observed. In fluid we find a temperature-independent between 30 mK and all pressures 0 28 bars.

Results of zero-sound attenuation measurements in $^{3}\mathrm{He}$-$B$, at frequencies up to 60 MHz and pressures between 0 20 bars, are reported. At 30 above, a new feature is observed which bears the signature collective mode superfluid.

Peaks have been observed in the attenuation of zero sound at "$A$" and "$B$" transitions below 3 mK liquid $^{3}\mathrm{He}$. In a magnetic field $A$ transition splits, exhibiting two narrow peaks. The peak $B$ seems to result from scattering localized interface between phases.