The oxidation of fossil fuels produces billions tons anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from stationary and nonstationary sources per annum, contributing to global warming. natural cycle consumes a portion CO2 the atmosphere. In contrast, substantial accumulate, making it largest contributor greenhouse gas causing rise in planet's temperature. Earth's temperature was estimated be 1 °C higher 2017 compared mid-twentieth century. A solution this problem is storage underground...

Hydrogen (H2) as a cleaner fuel has been suggested viable method of achieving the de-carbonization objectives and meeting increasing global energy demand. However, successful implementation full-scale hydrogen economy requires large-scale storage (as is highly compressible). A potential solution to this challenge injecting into geologic formations from where it can be withdrawn again at later stages for utilization purposes. The geo-storage capacity porous formation function its wetting...

Underground hydrogen (H2) storage (UHS) and carbon dioxide (CO2) geo-storage (CGS) are prominent methods of meeting global energy needs enabling a low-carbon economy. The pore-scale distribution, reservoir-scale capacity, containment security H2 CO2 significantly influenced by interfacial properties, including the equilibrium contact angle (θE) solid-liquid solid-gas tensions (γSL γSG). However, due to technical constraints experimentally determining these parameters, they often calculated...

Actualization of the hydrogen (H2) economy and decarbonization goals can be achieved with feasible large-scale H2 geo-storage. Geological formations are heterogeneous, their wetting characteristics play a crucial role in presence H2, which controls pore-scale distribution fluids sealing capacities caprocks. Organic acids readily available geo-storage minute quantities, but they highly tend to increase hydrophobicity storage formations. However, there is paucity data on effects organic acid...

The earth's temperature and climate are being affected by human activities that involve burning of fossil fuels the clearing forests, which release greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide (CO2). These fuels, include coal oil, made was first taken from atmosphere photosynthesis millions years ago. combustion these is making up >75% gas emissions worldwide almost 90% CO2 overall. Additionally, Global Carbon Budget 2022 estimates yearly have grown every decade since mid-twentieth century, about...

The substitution of fossil fuel with clean hydrogen (H2) has been identified as a promising route to achieve net zero carbon emissions by this century. However, enough H2 must be stored underground at an industrial scale objective due the low volumetric energy density H2. In storage, cushion gases, such methane (CH4), are required maintain safe operational formation pressure during withdrawal or injection wetting characteristics geological formations in presence H2, gas, and resultant gas...

Hydrogen (H2) storage in geological formations offers a potential large-scale solution suitable for an industrial-scale hydrogen economy. However, the presence of organic residuals can significantly influence H2 efficiency, as well cushion gas performance, such CO2 and CH4, injected to maintain healthy reservoir pressure. Thus, efficiency selectivity were thoroughly investigated this work based on H2, CO2, CH4 adsorption measurements using, first time, actual organic-rich carbonate-rich...

A discrete fracture model for the flow of compressible, multicomponent fluids in homogeneous, heterogeneous, and fractured media is presented single phase. In numerical we combine mixed finite element (MFE) discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods. We use cross‐flow equilibrium concept to approximate matrix mass transfer. The numerically superior single‐porosity overcomes limitations dual‐porosity models including a shape factor. MFE method provides direct accurate approximation velocity field,...

Summary Diffusion in fractured reservoirs, unlike unfractured can affect significantly the efficiency of gas injection oil reservoirs and recycling gas/condensate reservoirs. The physical diffusion, similar to gravity, results change path injected species from fractures matrix, giving rise late breakthrough. In this work, we present, for first time, a consistent model incorporate diffusion multicomponent mixtures gas-injection schemes flux is related coefficients, which are dependent on...

Summary Shale gas has changed the energy equation around world, and its impact been especially profound in United States. It is now generally agreed that fabric of shale systems comprises primarily organic matter, inorganic material, natural fractures. However, underlying flow mechanisms through these multiporosity multipermeability are poorly understood. For instance, debate still exists about predominant transport mechanism (diffusion, convection, desorption), as well interactions between...

Depleted gas reservoirs are appealing targets for carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) sequestration because of their storage capacity, proven seal, reservoir characterization knowledge, existing infrastructure, and potential enhanced recovery. Low abandonment pressure in the provides additional voidage-replacement CO allows a low surface pump during early period injection. However, injection process poses several challenges. This work aims to raise awareness key operational challenges related...

Hydraulic properties of natural fractures are essential parameters for the modeling fluid flow and transport in subsurface fractured porous media. The cubic law, based on parallel-plate concept, has been traditionally used to estimate hydraulic individual fractures. This upscaling approach, however, is known overestimate properties. Dozens methods have proposed literature improve accuracy law. relative performance these various not well understood. In this work, a comprehensive review...

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is among the countries that committed to taking measures cut greenhouse gas emissions in accordance with 2015 Paris Climate Agreement. KSA has rolled out 2030 Vision aiming at creating a more diverse and sustainable economy cascaded into series initiatives, including circular carbon economy, green initiative, national renewable energy program. Furthermore, recently announced an ambitious goal reach net-zero by 2060. In its updated nationally determined...

Hydrogen (H2) has emerged as a viable solution for energy storage of renewable sources, supplying off-seasonal demand. contamination due to undesired mixing with other fluids during operations is significant problem. Water regular occurrence; therefore, an accurate prediction H2-water thermodynamics crucial the design efficient and water removal processes. In thermodynamic modeling, Peng–Robinson (PR) Soave Redlich–Kwong (SRK) equations state (EoSs) are widely applied. However, both EoSs...

The enhancement in surfactant performance at downhole conditions the presence of nanomaterials has fascinated researchers' interest regarding applications nanoparticle-surfactant (NPS) fluids as novel enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques. However, governing EOR mechanisms hydrocarbon using NPS solutions are not yet explicit. Pore-scale visualization experiments clarify dominant fluid displacement and trapped/residual mobilization solutions. In this study, influence multiwalled carbon...

The geological sequestration of carbon dioxide, including mineralization in basaltic formations, has been identified as a promising method attaining low-carbon economy. However, successful CO2 storage depends on both the wettability rocks and basalt rock-fluid interfacial interactions. contact angles brine/CO2 systems for Western Australian (WA) Iceland basalts have recently reported literature. angle datasets evaluating Saudi Arabian (SA) not previously reported. Moreover, there is limited...

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies are needed as a crucial technology for Saudi Arabia to reach its net-zero goal by 2060. This study represents the first comprehensive evaluation of geological CO2 capacities in sedimentary basins Arabia. Our relied on collecting analyzing hundreds data sets from public domains, which were carefully selected based their quality relevance ensure reliability. We evaluated suitability capacity 17 sub-basins throughout country deep saline aquifers...

Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) in geological formations is a prominent solution for reducing anthropogenic carbon emissions mitigating climate change. The capillary trapping of CO2 primary mechanism governed by the pressure difference between wetting nonwetting phases porous rock, making latter key input parameter dynamic simulation models. During CCS operational process, however, prone to contamination impurities from various sources such as surfaces (e.g., pipelines tanks)...

The success of geological H2 storage relies significantly on rock–H2–brine interactions and wettability. Experimentally assessing the wettability storage/caprocks as a function thermos-physical conditions is arduous because high reactivity embrittlement damages. Data-driven machine learning (ML) modeling predictions are less strenuous more precise. They can be conducted at geo-storage that impossible or hazardous to attain in laboratory. Thus, ML models were utilized this research accurately...