<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Introduction: </bold>Pakistan has one of the largest burdens rifampicin-resistant/ multidrug-resistant TB according to global estimates. Novel all oral treatment regimens containing new antibiotics with reduced duration are available. World Health Organization guidelines recommend use shorter all-oral under operational research. To guide recommendations, we will compare two all-oral, short (≤11 months) for outcomes efficacy, safety, cost, and health-related...

In Pakistan, high prevalence of delays in early child development (ECD) is associated with poverty and lack mothers' caregiving skills. GP clinics, the main sources care poor urban localities, quality ECD delivery. A contextualised intervention was developed tested to enable GPs deliver clinic-based, tool-assisted counselling mothers on a quarterly basis.To assess effectiveness delivering mother-counselling intervention.Clustered randomised controlled trial, localities Pakistan. Locality...

Background In Pakistan,the estimated prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma are 2.1% 4.3% respectively, existing care is grossly lacking both in coverage quality. An integrated approach recommended for delivering COPD at public health facilities. Aim To understand how an package was experienced by providers patients, to inform modifications prior scaling up. Design &amp; setting The mixed-methods study conducted as part cluster randomised trials on 30 Method...

Background There were an estimated 7 million people living with diabetes in Pakistan 2014, and this is predicted to reach 11.4 by 2030. Aim To assess if integrated care package can achieve better control of diabetes. Design &amp; setting The pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial (cRCT) was conducted from December 2014–June 2016 at 14 primary healthcare facilities Sargodha district. Opportunistic screening, diagnostic testing, patient recording processes introduced both the 'testing,...

Hypertension in Pakistan affects 33% of people aged ≥45 years, and urban areas around 70% basic health care occurs private facilities.To assess whether enhanced at clinics resulted better control hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, treatment adherence.A two-arm cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted 26 (in three districts Punjab) between January 2015-September 2016. Both arms had screening diagnosis hypertension related conditions, patient recording processes....

In poor urban Pakistan, private GP clinics lack adequate services to promote early child development (ECD) care. A clinic-based contextualised ECD intervention was developed for quarterly tool-assisted counselling of mothers.To explore the experience and implementation by care providers clients, further adaptation scaling quality care, at primary level healthcare facilities in Pakistan.A mixed methods approach using quantitative records review qualitative interviews Rawalpindi Lahore,...

In Pakistan chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) prevalence is 2.1% in adults aged >40 years. Despite being a health policy focus, integrated COPD care has remained neglected, with wide variation practice.To assess whether enhanced at public facilities resulted better control of COPD, treatment adherence, and smoking cessation.A two-arm cluster randomised controlled trial was undertaken 30 (23 primary 7 secondary), across three districts Punjab, between October 2014-December 2016....

Background In Pakistan about 18% of all adults are affected by hypertension, and only one in eight the prevalent cases have their hypertension controlled. As many other low-middle income countries, a public–private partnership approach is being considered for delivering non-communicable disease care urban areas. Aim This process evaluation was undertaken to understand how an integrated intervention experienced providers patients, inform modifications before possible scaling. Design &amp;...

Pakistan is eighth among countries with high burden of tuberculosis (TB). InPakistan free-of-charge TB diagnosis and treatment services are available. The objectiveof qualitative exploratory study was to understand how patients their families copewith the lost earnings increased expenditures (other than treatmentcost) related disease its treatment. research methods included literaturereview, focus group discussion using vignettes in-depth interviews patients.The done in rural areas Lahore...

Background Thousands of Rohingya refugee mothers at the world’s largest camp located in Bangladesh are risk poor mental health. Accordingly, their children also vulnerable to delayed cognitive and physical development. Objective The aim this study is evaluate effectiveness an integrated care package reducing prevalence developmental delays among aged 1 year improving mothers’ health status. Methods This a parallel, two-arm, single-blind, cluster randomized controlled trial (cRCT). A total...

Objectives: This cluster Randomized Controlled Trial (cRCT) aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an integrated ECD package in preventing developmental delays among children aged two years, public health care centers, as compared a control arm. Methods: is parallel, two-arm, randomized controlled trial. 768 mother-child pairs (‘dyads’) attending any 24-public centers districts Pakistan will be recruited, with average 32 participants per cluster. In intervention arm, based counselling...

<h3>Background:</h3> Significant brain development in children occurs from birth to 2 years, with environment playing an important role. Stimulation interventions are widely known be effective enhancing early childhood (ECD). This study aims assess the feasibility and effectiveness of integrating ECD care delivered by lady health visitors (LHVs) at public facilities rural Pakistan. <h3>Method:</h3> A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted through districts Punjab, total 22...

<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> Thousands of Rohingya refugee mothers at the world’s largest camp located in Bangladesh are risk poor mental health. Accordingly, their children also vulnerable to delayed cognitive and physical development. </sec> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> The aim this study is evaluate effectiveness an integrated care package reducing prevalence developmental delays among aged 1 year improving mothers’ health status. <title>METHODS</title> This a parallel, two-arm,...

Background: A costing study was conducted as part of a randomized controlled trial on promoting safe birthing, among 60,000 pregnancies in Punjab. This aimed to estimate the costs incurred by women for utilisation skilled birth attendance. Methods: 640 were recruited from six public health clusters two districts Pakistan. Costs calculated using societal perspective where enhancing attendance delivering planning intervention both client and service provider perspective. Province wise...

Background To contribute to the World Health Organization’s End TB Strategy, active tuberculosis (TB) case-finding approach has been proven effective. Methods A total of 66 chest camps were organised for patients in 15 selected districts Punjab, Pakistan, 2017. mixed-method process evaluation was conducted four randomly evaluate use case finding reach maximum number people with and assess implementation outcomes, such as effectiveness, feasibility, fidelity, costs. Results indicated that...