Underground mining is an industry that preserves the miners' safety and efficiency in their work using wireless communication systems as a tool. In addition to links characterized by radio frequency signals, optical visible light spectrum are under intense research for underground applications due high transmission rates immunity electromagnetic interference. However, design of robust visible-light (VLC) system challenging task harsh propagation conditions encountered tunnels. To assist...

This paper proposes two solutions based on angle diversity receivers (ADRs) to mitigate inter-cell interference (ICI) in underground mining visible light communication (VLC) systems, one of them is a novel approach. A realistic VLC system scenarios, termed as roadway and mine working face, developed modeled. channel model the direct component line-of-sight (LoS) reflections non-line-of-sight (NLoS) links considered, well thermal shot noises. The design mathematical models pyramid...

Epilepsy affects millions worldwide, making timely seizure detection crucial for effective treatment and enhanced well-being. Electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis offers a non-intrusive solution, but its visual interpretation is prone to errors requires lot of time. Many existing works focus solely on achieving competitive levels accuracy without considering processing speed or the computational complexity their models. This study aimed develop an automated technique identifying epileptic...

This paper presents an innovative approach to improving visible light communication (VLC) systems in total shadowing conditions by integrating intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs), angle diversity receivers (ADRs), and recurrent neural networks (RNNs). Two ADR configurations (pyramidal hemispherical) are evaluated, along with signal combination mechanisms: maximum ratio combining (MRC) select best (SBC). The RNN is employed dynamically optimize the IRS placement, maximizing signal-to-noise...

This study investigates the impact of wall roughness on performance Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) component in Visible Light Communication (VLC) systems designed for underground mining environments, adhering to safety and communication standards such as IEC 60079-28(intrinsic explosive atmospheres) IEEE 802.15.7 (VLC parameters). Using probabilistic models aligned with ITU-R P.1238 propagation guidelines, research evaluates how materials (e.g., coal, shale, limestone) their irregular geometries,...

Localization in hospitals can be valuable improving different services medical environments. In this sense, an accurate location system environment requires adequately enabling communication technology. However, widely adopted technologies such as Wireless Fidelity (WiFi), Bluetooth, and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) are considered poorly suited to enable hospital localization due their inherent drawbacks, including high implementation costs, poor signal strength, imprecise...

Underground Mining (UM) is a hostile industry that generally requires wireless communication system as cross-cutting axis for its optimal operation. Therefore, in the last five years, it has been shown that, addition to radio-frequency-based links, optical communications, such Visible Light Communication (VLC), can be applied UM environments. The application of VLC systems underground mines, known UM-VLC, must take into account unique physical features mines. Among phenomena found most...

Analytical expressions of the statistical distribution underground mining visible light communication (UM-VLC) square-channel gain are derived considering scattering, shadowing, and a random position orientation receiver. These employed to compute system’s bit error probability (BEP) shot thermal noises, on–off keying modulation, as well perfect imperfect channel state information (CSI) at receiver side. The results obtained for BEP validated by computer simulations various UM-VLC scenarios....

The integration of the 60 GHz band into IEEE 802.11 standard has revolutionized indoor wireless services. However, this presents unique challenges to communication infrastructure, originally designed handle data traffic in residential and office environments. Estimating signal propagation settings is particularly complicated due dynamic contextual factors, making it essential ensure adequate coverage for all connected devices. Consequently, empirical channel modeling plays a pivotal role...

In this paper, the application and benefits of several combining schemes to create diversity at optical receiver are analyzed compared in a multi-cell indoor Visible Light Communication (VLC) system. The implementation pyramidal Angle Diversity Receiver (ADR) mitigate Intercell Interference (ICI) system is also analyzed. Thus, three side investigated: Select Best Combining (SBC), Equal Gain (EGC), Maximum Ratio (MRC), which conjunction with presented ADR, configure an that optimizes...

Multiple simultaneous sound source localization (SSL) is one of the most important applications in speech signal processing. The one-step algorithms with advantage low computational complexity (and accuracy), and two-step methods high accuracy complexity) are proposed for multiple SSL. In this article, a combination one-step-based method based on generalized eigenvalue decomposition (GEVD), two-step-based adaptive cross-correlation (GCC) by using phase transform/maximum likelihood (PHAT/ML)...

A coherent optical (CO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme gives a scalable and flexible solution for increasing the transmission rate, being extremely robust to chromatic dispersion as well polarization mode dispersion. Nevertheless, any coherent-detection OFDM system, overall system performance is limited by laser phase noises. On other hand, extreme learning machines (ELMs) have gained lot of attention from machine community owing good generalization performance,...

Reliable wireless communications are crucial for ensuring workers’ safety in underground tunnels and mines. Visible light (VLC) have been proposed as auxiliary systems short-range environments due to their seamless availability, immunity electromagnetic interference, illumination capabilities. Although multiple VLC channel models mines (UM) so far, none of these considered the wavelength dependence mining (UM-VLC). In this paper, we propose a single-input, single-output (SISO),...

This article proposes a novel method for detecting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in an underground channel using visible light communication (VLC) and machine learning (ML). We present mathematical models of COVID-19 Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid (DNA) gene transfer regular square constellations CSK/QAM-based VLC system. ML algorithms are used to classify the bands each electrophoresis sample according whether band corresponds positive, negative, or ladder during search optimal model....

In this paper, OFDM-based techniques designed for Intensity Modulation/Direct Detection (IMDD) modulation applied to Visible Light Communications (VLC) systems are evaluated. The evaluated Asymmetrically Clipped Optical OFDM (ACO-OFDM), Direct Current (DC) Biased (DCO-OFDM), and DC (ADO-OFDM). These compared different types of M-QAM in terms Bit Error Rate (BER). It is shown that ACO-OFDM, general terms, presents a better performance the conventional DCO-OFDM ADO-OFDM schemes.

In this manuscript we propose a hybrid Visible Light Communication and Radio Frequency (VLC-RF) scheme for the implementation of portable Phaser Measurement Unit (PMU) deep underground tunnels. Through computer simulations laboratory measurements are capable providing Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) to PMUs, as well high accuracy positioning in Global Positioning System (GPS) denied environment. The estimated PMU position, time stamp, electrical power system sent central monitoring station...

Visible light communication (VLC) is considered an enabling technology for future 6G wireless systems. Among the many applications in which VLC systems are used, one of them harsh environments such as Underground Mining (UM) tunnels. However, these subject to degrading environmental and intrinsic challenges optical links. Therefore, current research should focus on solutions mitigate problems improve performance Light Communication (UM-VLC) In this context, article presents a novel solution...

In this work, the performance of spectrum detection method known as singular value decomposition (SVD) is evaluated. The SVD was analyzed in terms probability (P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> ) versus signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) a mixed LTE and WiFi cognitive radio network. results were compared via numerical simulations with theoretical energy method. maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) statistical estimator used to...

In this paper, several Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based Visible light Communications (VLC) techniques designed for intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD) are evaluated and compared various optical channels. Evaluations done line-of-sight (LOS) no-line-of-sight (NLOS) The analyzed asymmetrically clipped OFDM (ACO-OFDM), direct-current (DC) biased (DCO-OFDM), DC (ADO-OFDM). These schemes different M-QAM modulations in terms of bit error rate (BER). It is shown...