Flying capacitor multilevel inverter (FCMLI) is a multiple voltage level topology intended for high and power operations with low distortion. It uses capacitors, called flying capacitors clamping the across semiconductor devices. In this paper, implementation of distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) using an FCMLI presented. A hysteresis current control technique controlling injected by FCMLI-based DSTATCOM discussed. new method voltages proposed which ensures that their remain constant...

The hysteresis modulation for power electronic converters is attractive in many different applications because of its unmatched dynamic response and wide command-tracking bandwidth. Its application benefits two-level are well understood, but the extension this strategy to multilevel still under development. This paper summarizes reviews various approaches available literature converters. pros cons techniques described compared tracking reference signal order attain an adequate switching...

This paper investigates the problem of appropriate load sharing in an autonomous microgrid. High gain angle droop control ensures proper sharing, especially under weak system conditions. However, it has a negative impact on overall stability. Frequency-domain modeling, eigenvalue analysis, and time-domain simulations are used to demonstrate this conflict. A supplementary loop is proposed around conventional each DG converter stabilize while using high gains. Control loops based local power...

Islanded operation, protection, reclosing and arc extinguishing are some of the challenging issues related to connection converter interfaced distributed generators (DGs) into a distribution network. The isolation upstream faults in grid-connected mode fault detection islanded using overcurrent devices difficult. In event an fault, all DGs must be disconnected order extinguish arc. Otherwise, they will continue feed thus sustaining However, system reliability can increased by maximising DG...

To cover wide range of pulsed power applications, this paper proposes a modularity concept to improve the performance and flexibility supply. The proposed scheme utilizes advantage parallel series configurations flyback modules in obtaining high-voltage levels with fast rise time (dv/dt). Prototypes were implemented using 600-V insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) switches generate up 4-kV output pulses 1-kHz repetition rate for experimentation. assess modular approach higher number...

The dc capacitors voltage unbalancing is the main technical drawback of a diode-clamped multilevel inverter (DCMLI), with more than three levels. A voltage-balancing circuit based on buck–boost chopper connected to link DCMLI reliable and robust solution this problem. This study presents four different schemes for controlling achieve capacitor voltages equalisation. These can be broadly categorised as single-pulse, multi-pulse hysteresis band current control schemes. single-pulse scheme does...

Purpose Strict carbon-cap policy is one of the basic policies proposed by regulatory bodies to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emission. The purpose this paper examine whether it beneficial for a company invest in green technology or not under strict and that two echelon supply chain model developed. This gives insight about judicious decision investment on technology. Design/methodology/approach Mathematical modeling approach has been adopted understand effect All cost emissions...

Chrysophanol and islandicin, two anthraquinones which are structurally related to emodin, were found be frame-shift mutagens for Salmonella typhimurium strain TA 1537 after metabolic activation.

A positive buck-boost converter is a known DC- DC which may be controlled to act as buck or boost with same polarity of the input voltage. This has four switching states include all above mentioned DC-DC converters. In addition there one state provides degree freedom for in comparison buck, boost, and inverting other words buck- shows higher level flexibility its inductor current control compared this paper extra utilised increase robustness against voltage fluctuations load changes. To...

This paper describes control methods for proper load sharing between parallel converters connected to microgrid in a distributed generation system. The system stability is investigated during safe operation and control. dynamic response of the compared under different conditions. Both inertia-less inertial loads are considered grid islanded modes. A smooth transition mode achieved. Its efficacy has been validated through simulation various operating impact high values real reactive power...

The potential of multiple distribution static synchronous compensators (DSTATCOMs) to improve the voltage profile radial networks has been reported in literature by few authors. However, operation DSTATCOMs across a feeder may introduce control interactions and/or instability. This study proposes scheme that alleviates among controllers and enhances proper reactive power sharing DSTATCOMs. A generalised mathematical model is presented analyse any number network. criterion for controller...

This paper presents the stability analysis for a distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) that operates in current control mode based on bifurcation theory. Bifurcations delimit operating zones of nonlinear circuits and, hence, capability to compute these bifurcations is important interest practical design. A design DSTATCOM proposed. Along with this control, suitable mathematical representation proposed carry out efficiently. The regions Thevenin equivalent plane are computed different...

In recent years, organizations are becoming environment conscious due to stringent laws, competitive advantages and increasing awareness of customers. They integrating environmental practices into their operations curb carbon emissions. Regulatory bodies also imposing policies check emission. this paper, we developed three models considering (I. tax, II. strict cap III. cap-and-trade) have determined the optimal order quantity number shipments for a two-echelon supply chain. The objective is...

In last Table 6couple of decades organisations are looking for solutions to reduce carbon emissions across their supply chains primarily due stringent policies. The two most familiar policies (i) Carbon tax/cost policy and (ii) cap-and-trade policy. this paper a two-echelon chain have been optimised under these random demand. Comparisons discussed, possible hybridisation has also presented. It assumed that the demand is in nature. Two different Mixed Integer Non Linear Programming (MINLP)...

Most high-power ultrasound applications are driven by two-level inverters. However, the broad spectral content of pulse results in undesired harmonics that can decrease performance system significantly. On other hand, it is crucial to excite piezoelectric devices at their main resonant frequency order have maximum energy conversion. Therefore a high-quality, low-distorted power signal needed transducer its frequency. This study proposes an efficient approach develop ultrasonic using...

Production of luteoskyrin, a hepatotoxin synthesized by Penicillium islandicum Sopp., was studied with various fermentation methods. Best results were obtained in static fermentations on glutinous rice at 30 degrees C. The isolated yield pure luteoskyrin approximately 400 mg per kg rice. Also produced skyrin, islandicin, iridoskyrin, rubroskyrin, chrysophanol, mannitol, and erythritol. A new metabolite, which we call pibasterol, also isolated.