<h3>Context</h3> There is no validated, theory-based tool for assessing the onset of nicotine dependence. However, use all addictive substances can result in a loss autonomy. We propose that dependence begins when autonomy lost, ie, sequelae tobacco use, either physical or psychological, present barrier to quitting. <h3>Objectives</h3> To test theory dependence, and evaluate Hooked on Nicotine Checklist (HONC) as measure over use. <h3>Design</h3> The psychometric performance concept validity...

<h3>Objective</h3> To extend the findings of first Development and Assessment Nicotine Dependence in Youth study by using diagnostic criteria for tobacco dependence a biochemical measure nicotine intake. The found that symptoms commonly appeared soon after onset intermittent smoking. <h3>Design</h3> A 4-year prospective study. <h3>Setting</h3> Public schools 6 Massachusetts communities. <h3>Participants</h3> cohort 1246 sixth-grade students. <h3>Interventions</h3> Eleven interviews. <h3>Main...

Objectives: To assess pediatrician goals and practice in preventive counseling, to use social learning theory examine physician attitudes about health issues, time, reimbursement explain counseling behavior.

The purpose of this work was to identify characteristics that predict progression from the first inhalation a cigarette dependence. We studied cohort 1246 public school 6th-graders in 6 Massachusetts communities (mean age at baseline: 12.2 years).We conducted 4-year prospective study using 11 interviews. assessed 45 risk factors and measured diminished autonomy over tobacco with Hooked on Nicotine Checklist evaluated dependence according International Classification Diseases, 10th Revision....

This study evaluated the influence of age, gender, vending machine lockout devices, and tobacco industry-sponsored voluntary compliance programs ("It's Law" programs) on underage youths' ability to purchase tobacco.Twelve youths made 480 attempts in Massachusetts from over-the-counter retailers machines with without remote control devices. Half vendors were participating It's Law programs.In communities no requirements for illegal sales far more likely than sources (odds ratio [OR] = 5.9,...

With a goal to reduce youth smoking rates, the U.S. federal government mandated that states enforce laws prohibiting underage tobacco sales. Our objective was determine if state compliance with sales is associated decreased risk of current daily among adolescents. Data on use were obtained from nationally representative sample 16,244 adolescents 2003 Monitoring Future survey. The association between merchant law 1997–2003 and examined using logistic regression while controlling for cigarette...

Purpose Good oral health is an important aspect of good overall health. Past studies show physicians have had limited training. Method In 2009, the authors sent a 22-question online survey to deans education 126 MD-granting and 28 DO-granting U.S. medical schools determine extent which these curriculum. Results Eighty-eight (57.1%) responded. Of these, 61 (69.3%) reported offering less than five hours curriculum; 9 (10.2%) offered no Schools with greater 150 students per class were more...

Up to 60% of practicing physicians report symptoms burnout, which often peak during residency. Residency is also a relevant time for habits self-care and resiliency be emphasized. A growing literature underscores the importance this; however, evidence about effective burnout prevention curriculum residency remains limited.

Background The "graying of the workforce" has generated concerns about physical capacity older workers to maintain their health and productivity on job, especially after an injury occurs. There is little detailed research age-related differences in work outcomes occupational injury. Methods A self-report survey occupational, health, financial outcomes, related factors was administered 2–8 weeks post-injury aged < 55 ≥ who had lost time due a Results Despite more severe injuries workers, most...

This study examines the relationship between patient health status and likelihood of missing appointments in a community center serving low-income patients. Medical records 465 adult patients scheduled to be seen during one week February 1999 were audited for an 18-month period. Seventy-three percent failed keep or more appointments; 43% missed two; 30% three more. Health measures significantly associated with included depression (p = 0.03), anxiety/panic disorder using tobacco &lt;0.001)....

The Hooked on Nicotine Checklist (HONC) is a 10-item screening tool originally developed to assess loss of autonomy over tobacco in adolescent smokers. A smoker' endorsement any item indicates some autonomy, and the sum endorsed items degree which has been lost. This study extends HONC adult Self-administered questionnaires were completed by convenience sample 1,102 adults who recruited their natural environments while observed smoking. Subjects mostly experienced smokers consumed mean 17.5...

Compared to screening for partner violence, childhood physical and sexual abuse among adult patients has received little attention, despite associated adverse health consequences. The objective of this exploratory study was describe the practices, skills, attitudes, perceived barriers a large sample family physicians in or abuse.

Mental health peer specialists develop peer-to-peer relationships of trust with clients to improve their and well-being, functioning in ways similar community workers. Although the number use has been increasing, role care teams is less defined than that worker. This qualitative study explored how specialist across different stakeholder groups, expectations for this utilised integrated types mental services. Data were collected through interviews focus groups conducted Massachusetts (N =...

Objective: To describe short term patterns of smoking acquisition exhibited by adolescent smokers. Design: Interview records from the prospective development and assessment nicotine dependence in youth study were examined retrospectively. Interviews conducted three times per year over 30 months. Subjects: 164 students grades 7–9 (ages 12–15 years, 86 girls, 78 boys) who had used cigarettes at least twice. Main outcome measures: A continuous timeline activity, beginning with subject’s first...

Objective. To identify target areas for interventions to improve communication between pediatric generalists (PCPs) and subspecialists (SPs) in the outpatient care of children with chronic conditions. Methods. We constructed a 4-page mailed questionnaire probing practices, opinions about role care, perceived barriers facilitators PCP-SP In spring 2001, we surveyed all 495 New England SPs who were members American Academy Pediatrics (AAP) and/or SP societies random sample generalist AAP...

Journal Article A comparison of the Hooked on Nicotine Checklist and Fagerström Test for Dependence in Adult Smokers Get access Robert J. Wellman, Ph.D., Ph.D. Department Family Medicine Community Health, University Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcester, MA1Behavioral Sciences Department, Fitchburg State CollegeFitchburg, MA Correspondence: School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, 01655, USA. Tel: +1 (508) 334-4116; Fax: 856-1212; E-mail: robert.wellman@umassmed.edu Search other works by...

This study sought information about the prevalence, epidemiology, and management of self-injurious behavior by inmates in U.S. prison systems. Although has long been source significant challenges correctional settings, limited research is available on this topic.Mental health directors all 51 state federal systems were invited to respond a 30-item questionnaire online or hard copy. Univariate statistics used describe aspects national experience with behavior, bivariate examine relationships...