In this paper, we study the local behavior of regression splines. particular, explicit expressions for asymptotic pointwise bias and variance splines are obtained. addition, normality is established, leading to construction approximate confidence intervals bands function.

Abstract An asymptotically distribution-free procedure is proposed for testing whether a univariate population symmetric about some unknown value versus broad class of asymmetric distribution alternatives. The consistency the test discussed and two competing tests are described, one based on sample skewness, other Gupta's nonparametric procedure. A Monte Carlo study shows that superior to either competitor since it maintains designated α levels fairly accurately even sizes as small 20, while...

Abstract A survey of the toxicity sediments throughout Tampa Bay estuary was performed as part National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Status Trends Program. The objectives were to determine spatial extent severity identify relationships between chemical contamination toxicity. Three independent tests performed: a 10‐d amphipod survival test whole with Ampelisca abdita , sea urchin fertilization sediment pore water Arbacia punctulata 5‐min Microtox® bioluminescence solvent extracts...

Ranked set sampling (RSS) is an approach to data collection and analysis that continues stimulate substantial methodological research. It has spawned a number of related methodologies are active research arenas as well, it finally beginning find its way into significant applications beyond initial agricultural-based birth in the seminal paper by McIntyre (1952). In this paper, we provide introduction basic concepts underlying ranked sampling, general, with specific illustrations from one-...

Abstract In this article we address the issue of imperfect judgment rankings in ranked-set sampling and, particular, their effect on properties test procedures based samples analog Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon statistic, U rss. We consider impact these null distribution statistic and resulting nominal level associated hypothesis tests. propose a model for probabilities concept expected spacings use to study tests This investigation includes both small-sample Monte Carlo power simulations detailed...

Acute laboratory toxicity tests were performed on surficial sediments collected from 1176 locations throughout 22 estuarine areas in the United States. Toxicity was determined with three standardized procedures: 10-day amphipod survival solid-phase (bulk) sediments; 5-min microbial bioluminescence organic solvent extracts of and either 1-h sea urchin fertilization or 48-h mollusc embryo porewater sediments. Test results weighted to sizes (km2) geographic strata which samples collected....

Abstract Ranked-set samples have been shown to lead improved methods of estimation in parametric settings under specific distributional forms when actual measurement the sample observations is difficult but ranking them relatively easy. The earliest work with ranked-set data concentrated on estimating a population mean or variance. More recently, estimator cumulative distribution function was developed and used obtain simultaneous confidence interval for function. In this article, we take...

Abstract Distribution-free test procedures are proposed for the k-sample problem, where alternatives of interest form F 1 (x) ≥ ··· Fℓ(x) ≤ Fk all x, with at least one strict inequality. These referred to as umbrella alternatives, and both ℓ (point umbrella) known unknown settings considered. Small sample null distributions discussed, results a Monte Carlo power study presented. A detailed example illustrating use point procedure is also given.

The evolutionary approach to economics hypothesizes that economies change in path-dependent ways, shaped and constrained by past decisions, chance events accidents of history. These constraints make certain strategies easier pursue others less so. Resilient regions engage collaborative processes plan implement change, within the endowed their existing regional assets, including public private research infrastructure, infrastructure institutions. This paper explores way these have played out...

Summary We develop an unbiased estimator of the variance a population based on ranked set sample. show that this new is better than estimating simple random sample and more efficient proposed by Stokes. Also, test to determine effectiveness judgment ordering process proposed.

Ranked set sampling (RSS) is a procedure that can be considerably more efficient than simple random (SRS). It involves preliminary ranking of the variable interest to aid in sample selection. Although processes for continuous variables are implemented through either subjective judgement or via use concomitant have been studied extensively literature, RSS case binary has not investigated thoroughly. In this paper we propose logistic regression interest. We illustrate application estimation...