A5079887468- Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
- Morphological variations and asymmetry
- Amphibian and Reptile Biology
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Bat Biology and Ecology Studies
- Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies
- Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology
- Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior
- Indigenous Studies and Ecology
- Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Sinusitis and nasal conditions
- Marine animal studies overview
- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
- Head and Neck Surgical Oncology
- Neurology and Historical Studies
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- Sports injuries and prevention
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
University of Sussex
2023-2025
University of Roehampton
2013-2023
Durham University
1995-2008
American Museum of Natural History
1997-2003
Stony Brook University
1992-1993
State University of New York
1992-1993
It has been argued that continuous characteristics should be excluded from cladistic analysis for two reasons: because the data are considered inappropriate; and methods conversion of these into codes arbitrary. Metric data, however, fulfill sole criterion inclusion in phylogenetic analysis, presence homologous character states, thus cannot as a class data. The second line reasoning, coding arbitrary, applies to gap segment coding, but quantitative can coded nonarbitrary manner by means...
Background Current British National Formulary (BNF) guidelines state that benzodiazepines and zolpidem, zopiclone, zaleplon, commonly known as Z-drugs (BZD), be prescribed for no more than 4 weeks, although anecdotal data suggest many patients are BZDs much longer. As there recent, evidence-based estimates of long-term (>12 months) BZD use in England, the scale this potential problem is unknown. Aim To produce first reliable, estimate England. Design setting Estimates England were...
Three adaptive hypotheses have been forwarded to explain the distinctive Neanderthal face: (i) an improved ability accommodate high anterior bite forces, (ii) more effective conditioning of cold and/or dry air and, (iii) adaptation facilitate greater ventilatory demands. We test these using three-dimensional models Neanderthals, modern humans, and a close outgroup (
The unfused human pubic symphysis has been interpreted as an obstetric adaptation to facilitate the passage of a large-brained baby through relatively small, bipedally adapted pelvis. degree fusion adult was evaluated across primate species gauge whether open can be in humans and other primates. Symphyseal assessed 718 individuals from 67 nonhuman species. Variation specimens known ages sex four (Galago moholi, Macaca mulatta, Microcebus murinus, Pan troglodytes) further examined, with...
Abstract Macaques (genus Macaca ) are unique among cercopithecids in that they possess a maxillary sinus, and anthropoids demonstrate relatively weak relationship between the size of this sinus cranium. To test hypothesis extrinsic factors may contribute to variation, sample 46 Japanese macaque ( M. fuscata crania from known localities were subjected computed tomography (CT) imaging, volume nasal cavity area analyzed relative latitude temperature variables. The results suggest environmental...
Abstract Cercopithecoid monkeys are unique among primates in that all species (except macaques) lack a maxillary sinus, an unusual condition eutherian mammals. Although this uncommon distribution of cranial pneumatization was noted previously, the phylogenetic ramifications have not been investigated fully. Recently, character state optimization analysis computed tomography (CT) data from extant Old World suggested loss sinus may occurred at origin group, unlike previous hypotheses positing...
The initial appearance of hominoids, or apes, and the selective pressures that led to their emergence are currently disputed. Central argument proconsulids, variously described as earliest apes stem catarrhines, based on facial postcranial data, respectively. present paper reports incongruence parsimony analyses applied a combined data set. results demonstrate proconsulids cladistic apparent between sets is due mosaic evolution; changes in Hominoidea occurred face. These suggest divergence...
Adaptation to climate occupies a central position in biological anthropology. The demonstrable relationship between temperature and morphology extant primates (including humans) forms the basis of interpretation Pleistocene hominin Homo neanderthalensis as cold-adapted species. There are contradictory signals, however, pattern primate craniofacial changes associated with climatic conditions. To determine direction extent change temperature, understand proximate mechanisms underlying cold...
Abstract Several different factors have been hypothesized as explanations of variation in primate paranasal sinus size. Biomechanical forces, particularly those associated with mastication, are frequently evoked to account for differences craniofacial pneumatization. To test whether masticatory stresses responsible maxillary volume diversity, two platyrrhine species the genus Cebus ( C. apella and albifrons ) were examined. The former has identified a hard object feeder, many morphological...
Abstract Extant cercopithecoid monkeys, except macaques, are distinguished among primates by their lack of paranasal pneumatization, including the maxillary sinus (MS). Analysis this structure, widespread Eutheria, suggests that its loss occurred in common ancestor; thus, presence MS macaques is not strictly homologous to other primates. CT analysis fossil species Victoriapithecus macinnesi supports view, demonstrating stem cercopithecoid. Recent evidence, however, has documented extinct...
The frontal sinuses are cavities inside the bone located at junction between face and cranial vault close to brain. Despite a long history of study, understanding their origin variation through evolution is limited. This work compares most hominin species' holotypes other key individuals with extant hominids. It provides unique valuable perspective in position, shape, dimensions based on simple reproducible methodology. We also observed covariation size shape underlying lobes species from...
Abstract The primate superfamily Cercopithecoidea (or Old World monkeys) is characterized by a widespread lack of the maxillary sinus, paranasal pneumatic space found in most other eutherian mammals. Previous discussions distribution pneumatization group, however, have been ambiguous and contradictory, further complicated discussion poorly defined structure named “lateral recess,” linked implicitly to sinus. Computed tomography (CT) was applied dry crania all cercopithecoid genera evaluate...
It has been argued that continuous characteristics should be excluded from cladistic analysis for two reasons: because the data are considered inappropriate; and methods conversion of these into codes arbitrary. Metric data, however, fulfill sole criterion inclusion in phylogenetic analysis, presence homologous character states, thus cannot as a class data. The second line reasoning, coding arbitrary, applies to gap segment coding, but quantitative can coded nonarbitrary manner by means...
The semicircular canals of the inner ear constitute organ balance, tracking head rotation during movement and facilitating stabilisation vision. Morphological characteristics are correlated with agility scores related to locomotion. To date, however, relationship between canal morphology specific locomotor behaviours, such as leaping, is unclear. Knowledge a could strengthen inferences locomotion extinct taxa. test this, crania two sets closely primate species (Presbytis melalophos P....