Cocrystals, solid mixtures of different molecules on molecular scale, are supposed to be tailor made materials with improved employability compared their pristine individual components in domains such as medicine and explosives. In medicine, cocrystals obtained by crystallization active pharmaceutical ingredients precisely chosen coformers design medicaments that demonstrate enhanced stability, high solubility, therefore bioavailability optimized drug up-take. Nanoscaling may further advance...

Abstract Nanothermites are the most important family of energetic materials in contemporary pyrotechnics. This article traces main research which was carried out this still recent domain and challenges that remain to be overcome. The academic effort past two decades has brought nanothermites from status laboratory curiosities one pre‐industrial materials. Different aspects discussed order provide valuable information scientists experimenting domain. Experimental details on preparation...

WO3 nanoparticles in the 5−30 nm range have been prepared by solvothermal treatment of tungsten chloride benzyl alcohol up to 210 °C followed annealing air. The has performed resistive or microwave heating and leads agglomerates oxide covered organic residues. As determined thermogravimetric measurements air, residues removed at 350 for samples least 420 those heating. When is used, specific surfaces are 20−90 m2/g corresponding particles 10−30 nm, but smaller sizes, 140 surface 6 diameter,...

TNT: Silicon microcantilevers modified with a three-dimensional layer of vertical titanium dioxide nanotubes (see picture) can be used in micromechanical sensors optical signal detection to detect low levels explosives such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) the gas phase, even presence other volatile impurities n-heptane and ethanol.

Abstract Efforts are made worldwide to desensitize explosives against accidental initiation. For several years, nanostructuring of is a promising field research aiming for this goal. In work we describe the continuous preparation nano‐β‐HMX and approach towards desensitization nano‐energetic materials. By means Spray Flash‐Evaporation (SFE) technique, nano composites with reproducible properties can be prepared in single processing step. increasing thermal effusivity an energetic...

The detonation process is able to build new materials with a bottom-up approach. Diamond, the hardest material on earth, can be synthesized in this way. This unconventional synthesis route possible due presence of carbon inside high-explosive molecules: firing mixtures negative oxygen balance non-oxidative environment leads formation nanodiamond particles. Trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexogen (RDX) are explosives primarily used synthesize nanodiamonds. Here we show that use nanostructured...

A microelectromechanical-systems-based calorimeter designed for use on a synchrotron nano-focused X-ray beamline is described. This instrument allows quantitative DC and AC calorimetric measurements over broad range of heating/cooling rates (≤100000 K s(-1)) temperature modulation frequencies (≤1 kHz). The was used high-resolution thermal imaging nanogram-sized samples subjected to X-ray-induced heating. For 46 ng indium particle, the measured rise reaches ∼0.2 K, directly correlated...

The mixing of aluminum nanoparticles with a metal containing oxidizer (here, WO3 or Bi2(SO4)3) gives reactive materials called nanothermites. In this research, nanothermites were combined high explosive (RDX) to prepare energetic nanocomposites. These smart nanomaterials have higher performances and are much less hazardous than primary explosives. Their flame propagation velocity can be tuned from 0.2 3.5 km/s, through their content. They used initiate the detonation explosive,...

Nanothermites are versatile pyrotechnic systems composed of a metal oxide and reducing powder, such as aluminum. The high mechanical sensitivity some these mixtures (e.g., MnO2/Al) makes their handling hazardous. Enclosing the inside carbon nanofibers—thus separating oxidizer agent—is new way to lower nanothermites. In this study, we filled herringbone nanofibers (CNF) with manganese MnOx (x ≈ 1.9) by two-step opening/filling treatment using nitric acid molten nitrate, followed heat...

Although pyrotechnic performance is fundamental, the strong mechanical and electrostatic intrinsic sensitivities of nanothermite energetic composites represent an obstacle to their development. The addition a ternary component classical binary composite appears be promising idea overcome problem. A carbon black additive (V3G) was used on WO3/Al nanothermite. effect pristine modified particles electrical measured together with properties. results show complete desensitization friction...

Growth of Cu(OH)₂ and CuO nanotubes having a diameter 100 nm on silicon wafer.

The interest in co-crystals of energetic materials is explained by the fact that they can offer better thermodynamic stability and tunable sensitivity detonation performance. In present work, a combination DSC, ultrafast chip calorimetry, high-resolution X-ray powder diffraction, nanofocus diffraction was employed to investigate thermal behavior structure formation nanosized CL-20 with HMX TNT prepared using Spray Flash Evaporation (SFE). CL-20/HMX co-crystal does not reveal any transitions...

Abstract Metal sulfates (Ba, Bi, Ca, Cu, Mg, Mn, Na, Zn, Zr) were used as oxidizers in reactive compositions with Al nanopowder. These new kinds of nanothermites have outstandingly high reaction heats (4–6 kJ g −1 ) compared to conventional Al/metal oxides (1.5–4.8 and also good combustion velocities (200–840 m s vs 100–2500 ). are extremely insensitive friction making their preparation handling easy safe. The sulfate hydration water increases the has a significant effect on sensitivity...

Cantilevers are really promising sensitive sensors despite their small surface. In order to increase this surface and consequently sensitivity, we nanostructured them with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods or nanotubes having a diameter of approximately 100 nm length 1 µm. The nanostructure growth was first optimized on silicon wafer then transferred the cantilevers. ZnO were grown in an autoclave. centre dissolved obtain nanotubes. dissolution conditions have longest etching depth. After 1.25 h...

Abstract The main features of nano‐sized thermites are reviewed with the purpose to compare performance most reactive nanothermites showing high combustion front velocities up 2500 m s −1 that primary explosives. Because these regimes do propagate only at very low relative density nano‐thermites and as convective burning waves rather than detonations, initiating capacity nanocompositions, compared promises, is yet much lower Hybrid mixtures nanothermite explosive offer practically...

Nanothermites, combining a fuel with an oxidizer at the nanoscale, represent class of energetic material that has been attracting increasing attention over past decade. This intensive interest is due to their tuneable pyrotechnic performance, making materials promising candidates for ordnance applications. However, extreme mechanical and electrostatic sensitivities composites make handling them hazardous. In this study, realistic desensitization method suggested via addition polyaniline...

The main goal of doping detonation nanodiamonds with nitrogen is to obtain stable photoluminescence properties. Small quantities have already been evidenced in such nanodiamonds. This article deals the possibility increasing content inside nanodiamond samples. Electron energy loss spectroscopy a very useful tool for determining location and quantity within individual experimental results demonstrate that strongly depends on precursors used composition explosive charge: incorporation melamine...