Abstract We present the Atacama Large Millimeter/Sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) cycle-0 science verification data of CO(1–0) line emission in central region NGC 4321 (also known as M100) at distance 17.1 Mpc and VLA, L-band HI same galaxy. have drawn center area M100 12 CO(J = 1–0) with resolution (3.87″ × 2.53″) viewed by ALMA, along Spitzer 8 3.6 μm data. The relationship between surface density molecular gas mass ∑H 2 that star formation rate ∑SFR has been investigated, addition to neutral...

Merging galaxies provide an excellent laboratory for investigating several physical properties related to the merging processes. In this research, high-resolution 12CO (J= 1 – 0) data of molecular gas was reported in galaxy VV114 from Atacama Large Millimetre/Sub-millimetre Array (ALMA) study some characteristics at sub-kpc scale. Infrared (IR) Spitzer Space Telescope used determine star formation rate (SFR) and were compared with gas. The map divided into 12 regions a scale (500 600) pc CO...

We present an extensive analysis of the relationship between star formation rate surface density (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">∑</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">S</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">F</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">R</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math>) and molecular gas id="M2"><mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">∑</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi...

Abstract In the present work, a multiscale Hall-Petch relation is derived from new model and applied for all ranges of grain sizes. The has superior over previous models represented by its direct applicability on any material without need prior knowledge size distribution. tested with three elements Mg, Zn, Fe due to their importance in industrial applications. comparison among coefficients different materials suggested criterion predict reverse relation.

A new model of rotation curves in spiral galaxies is derived and applied to several galaxies. This based on a theory called the ‘time events’ theory, which was published elsewhere. The led derive multiscale that applies problem as non-adiabatic system. equations will be generalized current work apply gases inside galaxy reach general semi-empirical relates rotational velocity with radius. equation showed an excellent agreement experimental results for five findings bulge plays limited role...

Abstract The impetus for researching the L CO(1-0) -L FIR connection at sub-kpc levels comes from opportunity to improve our knowledge of intricate processes regulating star formation, molecular gas dispersion, and galaxies’ overall evolution. We use a high spatial resolution 12 CO(1–0) line emission data Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) galaxy NGC 1068 (commonly known as M77) distance 14.4 Mpc well Herschel 160 μm same (∼ 210 pc) scale. 31 regions were targeted across...

In the present work, a multiscale model is presented and used to modify Hall-Petch relation for different scales from nano micro. The modified derived equation that determines cohesive energy between atoms their neighboring grains. This brings with it new term was originally ignored even in atomistic models. makes easy combine all other effects derive one works together, without need divide into two scales, each scale equation, as usually done works. Due that, applying does not require...

Using Atacamma Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) science verification data, the CO J=1→0 emission in nucleus of barred SABbc spiral galaxy M100 (which also known as NGC 4321) has been drawn at high resolution (3.44" × 2.46"). A new (Position - Velocity) diagram central (1 kpc) region mentioned analyzed to study peculiar kinematics this region. The data which fully sampled resolution, by using fixed position angle PA=153°, it is found that rotation curve rapidly rising (100 pc)...

Starburst merging galaxies are important in the history of galaxy evolution timeline. For this work, we have chosen Antennae (NGC4039), which is one most famous starburst galaxies. We analyzed CO (3–2) interferometric observations for southern mosaic NGC 4039, together with (2–1) data taken from Atacama Large Millimeter/Sub-millimeter Array (ALMA). Using galactic luminosity to H2 mass conversion factor, found molecular gas range be (0.8–2.92) × 108 Mʘ. Line emissions at and were detected...

Abstract In this manuscript we use a very high spatial resolution CO (J = 6 - 5) data from Atacama Large Millimeter/Sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) focused to the center region of Arp 220, at distance D 77.4 Mpc (1 arcsecond 375 parsec). The emission is resolved efficiently by ALMA beam (0.43” x 0.26”). We long-slit along different direction our sample study kinematic properties warm molecular gas within inner 220. find observed position velocity (PV) diagram for galaxy its line. major part in...

In this paper we present high resolution data from Atacama Large Millimeter /sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) of CO (5-4) and (8-7) rotational transitions toward the gravitational lensed galaxy (SDP.81).We calculate molecular gas mass in clumpy region which is around 1.510 9 M ʘ .We overly CO(8-7) CO(5-4) intensity distributions to brightness temperature ratio R 85 at various region.The line was range between 0.39 0.75 with an average value about 0.48.This suggests that most sub-millimeter...

Studying dense gas is of fundamental importance for understanding star formation and galaxy evolution. We present data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) molecular tracers HNC (hydrogen isocyanide) with transition J = 2-1, CS (carbon monosulfide) 4-3, CO monoxide) 6-5. studied some properties gases to find their effect on in Arp 220 galaxy. identify into two regions which we reveal emission every one three molecules, including east west nuclei. calculate ratios...

Understanding the galaxy's center few hundred parsecs is important for knowing how galaxies form and evolve. Since molecular gas source of star formation, it an essential part interstellar medium (ISM). In this work, we display highresolution data from Atacama Large Millimeter/Sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) 12CO(J = 6 - 5) emission line toward galaxy NGC 34 at distance 85.2 Mpc (1 arcsec 412 pc). The area has drawn in CO with a resolution (0.27ʺ × 0.23ʺ) as viewed by ALMA along Spitzer 24 µm...