The production of thiamine chitosan nanoemulsion via sonication treatment has been optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). This study examines the effect on formulation and variations in time, amplitude, surfactant concentration to distinguish optimum conditions. Chitosan was prepared central composite design (CCD) with 3 independent variables (time, concentration), which generated 20 experimental points. condition determined by analyzing variable, which, this study, is...

The optimization of deacetylation process parameters for producing chitosan from isolated chitin shrimp shell waste was investigated using response surface methodology with central composite design (RSM-CCD). Three independent variables viz, NaOH concentration (X1), radiation power (X2), and reaction time (X3) were examined to determine their respective effects on the degree (DD). DD also calculated baseline approach Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra yields. RSM-CCD analysis showed...

Process of the transesterification reaction palm oil with methanol by using ash empty fruit bunches (EFB) as base catalyst has been conducted. The studied variables were effect weight EFB (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 g) and molar ratio (3:1; 6:1; 9:1; 12:1) to oil. Sample was prepared through heating, screening, reashing. A certain amount extracted in mixing for about 1 h at room temperature product used catlayst process. composition methyl esters (biodiesel) analyzed GC-MS 1H NMR, whereas characters...

Synthesis and characterization of Cr/Al 2 O 3 -bentonite nanocomposite as a hydrocracking catalyst castor oil have been conducted. The was prepared according to the following method. At first step, bentonite activated using H SO 4 obtain H-bentonite, after that clay pillarized by Al , Next, salt solution Cr (NO ) ·9H impregnated in pillared sample, followed calcination reduction final catalyst, i.e. -bentonite. catalysts including unpillared were characterized infrared spectrometer (FT-IR),...

Biodiesel conversion from transesterification reaction palm oil with methanol was studied by using an ash of empty bunch as a base catalyst. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and indicator titration analysis were used tools for characterization sample. Chemical structure biodiesel analyzed GC-MS. The effects sample weight (5, 10, 15, 20 25 g) immersed in 75 mL the methanol-palm mol ratio (3:1; 6:1; 9:1 12:1) toward investigated. prepared refluxing containing reflux done at room...

Natural lignocellulosics have an outstanding potential as reinforcement in thermoplastics. Coconut shell is one of natural lignocellulosic material. In this study, coconut (CS) was use filler low density polyethylene (LDPE) composites. The effect surface treatment with acetic acid (acetylation) on mechanical properties, thermal properties and morphology were studied. acetylation has improved the tensile strength, elongation at break Young's modulus LDPE/CS Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)...

The utilization of TiO2 dispersed on natural zeolite (TiO2/Zeolite) for degradation Congo Red photocatlytically has been performed. TiO2/Zeolite was prepared by mechanically mixing 100 g zeolite, which it heated at 400oC, with powder, the final weight ratio mixture 5% (w/w). then calcined 400oC 6 hours. product characterized using x-ray diffractometry, fluorescence analysis and gas sorption methods to determine its physicochemical properties changes caused calcination. Investigation...

A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis of serial chalcone derivatives as antimalarial agents against Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7 (Pf3D7) was conducted, it then used to predict the activity several synthesized chalcones.The QSAR performed using stepwise multiple linear regression, and results showed that had a strong correlation towards electronic molecular descriptors.The best model for designing 3 which were further synthesized, characterized, tested an...

Zn-Al layered double hydroxide can be used as host material for UV active compound p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), which is having capability to block light of sunlight. The formation Zn-Al-PABA was best developed in the nucleation process done at room temperature and followed by hydrothermal treatment 100 oC. To make a better product, molar ratio Zn Al PABA adjusted 3:1:1. From elemental analysis content PABA, it observed that product has structural formula Zn0,745Al0.254(OH)1.650(PABA)0.349....

Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) is gaining importance in separation technology. In this study, curcumin has been selected as template MIP which can be applied sorbent materials solid-phase extraction (SPE). Effect of porogen on the quality curcumin-MIP very sensitive depends molecular size and polarity porogen. We varied three solvents i.e. tetrahydrofuran (THF), chloroform (CHCl3) acetonitrile (MeCN). The was prepared using non-covalent approach through bulk polymerization non-imprinted...

Quantitative Electronic Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) analysis of a series 1,10-phenanthroline derivatives as antiplasmodial compounds have been conducted using atomic net charges (q), dipole moment (μ) ELUMO, EHOMO, polarizability (α) and log P the descriptors. The descriptors were obtained from computational chemistry method semi-empirical PM3. Antiplasmodial activities taken activity drugs against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum FCR3 strain are presented value ln...

The Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) study was established on curcumin and its derivatives as glutathione S-transferase(s) (GSTs) inhibitors using atomic net charges the descriptors. were resulted by semiempirical AM1 PM3 quantum-chemical calculations computational chemistry approach. inhibition activity expressed concentration that gave 50% of GSTs (IC50). selection best QSAR equation models determined multiple linear regression analysis. This research related to nature...

Effects of methyl methacrylate on the properties chitosan-filled polypropylene (PP) composites has been investigated. Mechanical and thermal were analyzed according to ASTM D 638-91, thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results showed that tensile strength PP decreased upon addition chitosan, while Young's modulus improved. At a similar filler loading, treated PP/chitosan found have higher as compared with untreated composites. Thermal stability...

Previous study on in vitro antiplasmodial activity of diaza phenanthrene analogs indicated that the 1,10-phenanthroline skeleton represents a potential antimalarial leader compound. Based those skeletons, six derivatives N-alkyl and N-benzyl-1,10-phenanthroline were synthesized activities was evaluated. This paper reported vivo performed by classical 4-day suppressive test against Plasmodium berghei. Acute toxicity each compound determined after single injection intraperitoneally Swiss mice....

The study of xanthone derivatives as cytotoxic agents in cancer is increasing. This was conducted to explore the Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) xanthones HepG2 cells, find compounds with better potency. data set were taken from previous study, involving 26 derivates and their activities Inhibitory Concentration 50% (IC50). parameters (descriptors) obtained quantum mechanics calculation using semiempirical AM1 method QSAR models determined principle component regression,...

The synthesis and characterization of iron oxide-montmorillonite its structural stability test with various concentration sulfuric acid were conducted. Synthesis was performed by treating Na-montmorillonite clay oligocations iron, followed calcinating the intercalation compound oligocations-montmorillonite at 200oC for 24 hours. Calcined product then characterized to determine content, basal spacing porosities distribution. To againts strong (i.e. acid), composites dispersed into solution...

Coconut shell (CS) is one of agro-waste material which has high natural lignocellulosics content. This provides a potential resource as reinforcement agent in thermoplastic elastomeric olefin (TEO). In this study, CS was used filler TEO composites. The effect loading and Maleic Anhydride Polypropylene (MAPP) compatibilizer on mechanical properties, morphology thermal properties were studied. Results show that the increasing increased tensile strength, elongation at break Young's modulus...

Pemilihan monomer fungsional yang efektif untuk sintesis Molecular Imprinted Polymer (MIP)untuk diazinon dapat dilakukan dengan pendekatan kimia komputasi menerapkan metode semiempirik AM1. Proses seleksi menggunakan parametermomen dipol, energi interaksi, dan ikatan hidrogen terbentuk. Energi interaksi optimum menunjukkan kompleks terbentuk stabildan mengindikasikan MIP akan baik.Semua perhitungan pada penelitian ini software Hyperchem 7.5. Hasil prasintesis polimer tercetak yaitu...

The volume of domestic waste in the Special Region Yogyakarta (DIY Region) during last five years has increased significantly by 34%, while handled only 8%. average produced was 1,008.26 tonnes/day, reached 642.01 tonnes/day. That means 366.25 tonnes unhandled per day, resulting environmental pollution. This paper aims to evaluate management Piyungan landfill using Integrated Risk Based Approach (IRBA). IRBA is a tool decision-making created 2005 for rehabilitation, including sites with high...

Quantitative structure-Activity relationship (QSAR) analysis of fungicides having 1,2,4-thiadiazoline structure based on theoretical molecular properties have been done. Calculation the was conducted by semiempirical method AM1 and activity compounds taken from literature. Relationship between (pEC50) done using SPSS program. The QSAR gave best model as follows: pEC50 = 3.842 + (1.807x10-4) ET (5.841x10-3) Eb - (5.689x10-2) DHf -0.770 log P 1.144 a 0.671 m 9.568 GLOB (5.54x10-2) MR. n=19...

Structure Activity Relationship (SAR) technique between the theoretical parameters and antioxidant activities of isoeugenol, eugenol, vanillin their derivatives as Mannich reaction products, have been analyzed. Antioxidant were examined by oxidation oleic acid at 60 °C with b-carotene methods, whereas determined calculating Bonding Dissociation Enthalpy (BDE) net charge oxygen atom(-OH) using AM1 semi empiric methods. The result from both test showed in following orders: BHT > product...

Synthesis of sunscreen compound 3,4-dimethoxy isoamyl cinnamic from clove oil and fusel has been done. The majoring component that is eugenol isolated, followed with several chemical processes i.e. isomerization into isoeugenol, oxidation the product to change vanillin, then modification vanillin veratraldehyde. From oil, we isolate alcohol modified by acetylation acetic. final could be produce Claissen's condensation acetic veratraldehyde give cinnamic. All are structure characterization...