Today the uptake of smoking is primarily an adolescent pursuit. Awareness tobacco advertising and promotion high, evidence suggests that it plays a role in uptake. We evaluated influence exposure to smokers on never-smoking adolescents susceptibility smoking. used data 3536 never (those who had even puffed cigarette) from 1993 California Tobacco Survey. That survey questioned about history inclinations. For this analysis, we defined as susceptible those said they could not rule out...

One hundred and twenty ventilated preterm infants, birthweight < 1500 g, were examined within the first 36 hours with colour Doppler echocardiography, to determine cardiorespiratory influences on right (RVO) left ventricular output (LVO). Forty nine of these infants had three further daily scans. Measurements included (LV) ejection fraction, determination RVO LVO, ductal interatrial shunt direction, velocity diameter. Infants grouped by respiratory disease severity: mild, mean FIO2 in 24...

<h3>Objective</h3> To assess the possible usefulness and validity of a new measure to identify adolescents at risk smoking cigarettes. <h3>Design</h3> The was compared with standard ones respect their ability young later cigarettes; correlation between known factors for both current assessed. <h3>Setting subjects</h3> Cross-sectional, population-based 1992 California Tobacco Survey 1789 (12–17 years) 1667 adults (18-28 years). <h3>Main outcome measures</h3> Susceptibility smoke, defined as...

Forty one preterm infants (birth weight < 1500 g) were studied by daily Doppler echocardiography for the first week of life to examine effect a haemodynamically significant ductus arteriosus (HSDA) on systemic blood pressure. Hourly records pressure averaged each infant produce 24 hour mean value and then allocated groups according whether, echocardiographic criteria, there was HSDA that day. In from 1000 g differences in all parameters between those with without not significant....

The natural history of pulmonary artery pressure and extrapulmonary shunting in acute hyaline membrane disease was studied by serial Doppler echocardiography 57 preterm infants, 38 with, 19 without, disease. Pulmonary assessed non-invasively its inverse relationship with the ratio time to peak velocity: right ventricular ejection time. mean significantly lower infants for each infant varied widely did not correlate criteria maturity or severity Individual ratios correlated arterial pH....

Thirty seven healthy infants (18 born at full term and 19 preterm) were studied serially with cross sectional Doppler echocardiography to compare their postnatal circulatory adaptation. Pulmonary artery pressure was assessed by its inverse relationship the ratio of pulmonary time peak velocity right ventricular ejection measured from waveform. Patency ductus arteriosus interatrial shunting imaging ultrasound. The rose after birth in all infants; it more slowly preterm infants. After 6 hours...

This study aimed to examine the early natural history of ductal shunting in ventilated preterm infants (< 1500 g) and document association between this respiratory outcomes. The size shunt was assessed 48 using serial echocardiographic measurement colour Doppler internal diameter pulsed postductal aortic diastolic flow (PADF). At all postnatal ages, normal antegrade PADF invariably seen when 1.5 mm or less, usually abnormal (absent retrograde) more than mm. Longitudinal progress fell into...

Journal Article Smoking Initiation Rates in Adults and Minors: United States, 1944–1988 Get access Elizabeth A. Gilpin, Gilpin 1Cancer Prevention Control Program, Cancer Center, University of CaliforniaSan Diego, La Jolla, CA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Lora Lee, Lee 2UCSD Tobacco Policies Project, California, San School MedicineLa Nicola Evans, Evans John P. Pierce Reprint requests to Dr. Pierce, California 92093-0901 American...

OBJECTIVES. In the face of rising costs surveillance systems, it is time to reexamine feasibility including proxy respondents in surveys designed provide population estimates smoking prevalence. METHODS. Data are from California. Tobacco Surveys, which random-digit dialed telephone surveys. One adult provided demographic information and status for all household residents. Additionally, some adults were selected in-depth interviews that also included questions. We matched self-respondents...

The purpose of this study was to determine the relative importance adolescents place on preventive health behaviors.Data were from a survey California (n = 5040). Respondents asked how important it their peers avoid drugs, marijuana, cigarettes, heavy drinking, and drinking driving maintain seat belt use, fitness, weight control, healthy eating habits. Results compared with data similar national 6126).California teenagers perceived that gave top priority control: 85% believed control high...

To define the pharmacokinetics of milrinone in very preterm infants and determine an optimal dose regimen to prevent low systemic blood flow first 12 h after birth.A prospective open-labelled, dose-escalation pharmacokinetic study was undertaken two stages. In stage one, received at 0.25 microg/kg/min (n = 8) 0.5 11) infused from 3 24 age. Infants contributed 4-5 samples for concentration-time data which were analysed using a population modelling approach. A simulation used explore dosing...

Positive pressure ventilation in premature infants can improve oxygenation but may diminish cerebral blood flow and cardiac output. Low superior vena cava (SVC) increases risk of intraventricular haemorrhage, higher mean airway is associated with low SVC flow. Whether this a direct effect positive or reflection severity lung disease not known. This study aimed to determine if end expiratory (PEEP) ventilated newborns could be increased without clinically relevant cardiorespiratory...

The development of pulmonary hypertension is one the adverse factors in outcome infants with chronic neonatal lung disese (CNLD). purpose this cross sectional study was to evaluate prevalence and degree a cohort survivors CNLD stable air. Pulmonary artery pressure assessed using its inverse correlation ratio time peak velocity right ventricular ejection (TPV:RVET) as measured from Doppler signals main artery. A normal > or = 0.35, possibly low lies between 0.31 definitely < 0.31. subjects...

<h3>AIMS</h3> To examine the hypothesis that right to left shunting occurs mainly in lungs rather than through fetal channels neonates. <h3>METHODS</h3> Thirty two term babies requiring over 70% oxygen had daily colour Doppler echocardiograms until recovery. Measurements included ventricular fractional shortening, and outputs, pulsed ductal atrial systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) derived from shunt or tricuspid incompetence velocities. <h3>RESULTS</h3> The were retrospectively...

Twenty preterm infants were studied serially with Doppler echocardiography to document changes in pulmonary artery pressure, myocardial thickness, and patent ductus arteriosus associated dexamethasone treatment for chronic lung disease. Pulmonary pressure was assessed Doppler, by its inverse correlation the ratio of time peak velocity (TPV) right ventricular ejection (RVET). Eleven 20 showed an increase TPV/RVET after commencing steroids, suggesting a fall pressure. This change not sustained...

The changes in pulmonary artery pressure during recovery from hyaline membrane disease were studied by serial Doppler echocardiography on 37 preterm infants. Pulmonary was assessed noninvasively its inverse relationship with the ratio of time to peak velocity and right ventricular ejection time. pattern rise after acute phase divided into three types. In 25 infants returned normal range: 12 (group 1) at same as fractional inspired oxygen fell below 0.5 13 2) a delay least 24 hours. 3)...

Fifty Asian immigrant mothers who would have expected to breast feed their infants had they remained in rural Asia were studied. There was a striking reduction the incidence and duration of feeding on arrival United Kingdom, fall age weaning. The availability an alternative human milk is most important factor reducing feeding. Only 2 (4%) 46 followed prospectively fed. Reasons for not sought results indicated that majority frightened, misinformed, or apathetic about If be promoted, antenatal...

Thirty-one patients who were in coma or persistent vegetative state two weeks after sustaining a severe head injury entered into arousal programme. The protocol called for sequence of vigorous multisensory stimulations to be applied the patient by relative up eight hours day seven days week. An independent study team monitored outcomes, time taken obey simple command on consecutive occasions 24 apart and patients' score Glasgow Outcome Scale 10–12 months post-injury. Outcomes compared with...

To define the 1-year neurodevelopmental outcome for survivors of moderate (Sarnat stage 2) neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) to facilitate appropriate parental counselling.Hospital-based retrospective review admissions a tertiary newborn intensive care unit between 1988 and 2000. All babies admitted seizures were reviewed those in whom probable diagnosis was HIE identified from chart review. Perinatal variables, number anticonvulsants, duration hospital stay recorded...

The growth of a group juvenile diabetics on restricted carbohydrate diets has been studied using standardized techniques. Most patients were distributed between the 10th and 90th centiles for height, weight, bone age, subscapular skinfold thickness. There was, however, statistically significant tendency females to be above average in weight both sexes have thicker than normal skinfolds. A duration diabetes over 6 years led underheight boys girls presence normally ages. Boys who had less...