We present a model for synthetic gene oscillator and consider the coupling of to periodic process that is intrinsic cell. investigate synchronization properties coupled system, show how can be constructed yield significant amplification cellular oscillations. reduce driven equations normal form, analytically determine as function strength The ability couple naturally occurring genetic oscillations synthetically designed network could lead possible strategies entraining and/or amplifying in...

The origin of regular spatial patterns in ecological systems has long fascinated researchers. Turing’s activator–inhibitor principle is considered the central paradigm to explain such patterns. According this principle, local activation combined with long-range inhibition growth and survival an essential prerequisite for pattern formation. Here, we show that physical phase separation, solely based on density-dependent movement by organisms, represents alternative class self-organized...

Spatial self-organization of ecosystems into large-scale (from micron to meters) patterns is an important phenomenon in ecology, enabling organisms cope with harsh environmental conditions and buffering ecosystem degradation. Scale-dependent feedbacks provide the predominant conceptual framework for self-organized spatial patterns, explaining regular observed in, e.g., arid or mussel beds. Here, we highlight alternative mechanism based on aggregation a biotic abiotic species, such as...

Plasma pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles often do not resemble the PK within central nervous system (CNS) because of blood-brain-border (BBB) processes, like active efflux by P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Methods to predict CNS-PK are therefore desired. Here we investigate whether in vitro apparent permeability (Papp) and corrected ratio (ERc) extracted from literature can be repurposed as input for LeiCNS-PK3.4 physiologically-based model confidently rat brain extracellular fluid (ECF) P-gp...

We perform an analytical study of the external cavity modes a semiconductor laser subject to conventional optical feedback as modeled by well-known Lang–Kobayashi equations. Specifically, bifurcation set is derived in three-dimensional parameter space phase, strength and pump current laser. Different open regions this correspond different numbers physically relevant Some their stability properties are determined from characteristic equation.

Dissolution of nanoparticles (NPs) determines the fate and subsequently actual exposure biota to NPs (created with https://BioRender.com).

Thermoregulation in honey bee colonies during winter is thought to be self-organized. We added mortality of individual bees an existing model thermoregulation as approach the elevated losses that are reported worldwide. The aim this analysis obtain a better fundamental understanding consequences winter. This resembles well-known Keller--Segel model. In contrast often studied models, our includes chemotactic coefficient which sign can change have preferred temperature: When local temperature...

In this article we construct, both asymptotically and numerically, multibump, blow-up, self-similar solutions to the complex Ginzburg--Landau equation (CGL) in limit of small dissipation. Through a careful asymptotic analysis, involving balance algebraic exponential terms, determine parameter range over which these may exist. Most intriguingly, branch that are not perturbations nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS); moreover, they monotone, but stable. Furthermore, axisymmetric ring-like exist broader...

The development of drugs that target the brain is very challenging. A quantitative understanding needed complex processes govern concentration–time profile a drug (pharmacokinetics) within brain. So far, there are no studies on predicting concentration focus not only transport to through blood–brain barrier (BBB), but also and binding Here, we develop new model for 2D square tissue unit, consisting extracellular fluid (ECF) surrounded by capillaries. We describe change in free ECF, partial...

Abstract Conscious reportability of visual input is associated with a bimodal neural response in primary cortex (V1): an early-latency coupled to stimulus features and late-latency report or detection. This late wave activity, central major theories consciousness, thought be driven by prefrontal (PFC), responsible for “igniting” it. Here we analyzed two electrophysiological studies mice performing different detection tasks, characterize activity profiles three key cortical regions: V1,...

The development of drugs targeting the brain still faces a high failure rate. One reasons is lack quantitative understanding complex processes that govern pharmacokinetics (PK) drug within brain. While number models on distribution into and available, none these addresses combination factors affect local concentrations in extracellular fluid (brain ECF). Here, we develop 3D unit model, which builds our previous proof-of-concept 2D to understand unbound bound PK cube, capillaries surround...

Drug metabolism is one of the critical determinants drug disposition throughout body. While traditionally associated with liver, recent research has unveiled presence and functional significance drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) within brain. Specifically, cytochrome P-450 (CYPs) UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) have emerged as key players in biotransformation central nervous system (CNS). This comprehensive review explores cellular subcellular distribution CYPs UGTs CNS, emphasizing...

Abstract Purpose We have developed a 3D brain unit network model to understand the spatial-temporal distribution of drug within under different (normal and disease) conditions. Our main aim is study impact disease-induced changes in transport processes on spatial extracellular fluid (ECF). Methods The consists multiple connected single units which capillaries surround ECF. includes unbound blood plasma, coupled with ECF incorporates capillaryblood flow, passive paracellular transcellular BBB...

Drug–target binding kinetics (as determined by association and dissociation rate constants, kon koff) can be an important determinant of the drug action. However, effect compartment model is used most frequently instead a target to describe hysteresis. Here we investigate when drug–target should in lieu model. The utility (EC), (TB) combined compartment–target (EC–TB) were tested on either plasma (ECPL, TBPL EC–TBPL) or brain extracellular fluid (ECF) (ECECF, TBECF EC–TBECF) morphine...