This study aims to investigate the ability of low cost ceramic membrane filtration in removing three common heavy metals namely; Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+ from water media. The work includes manufacturing membranes with dimensions 15 by cm 2 thickness. were made materials local clay mixed different sawdust percentages 0.5%, 2.0%, 5.0%. used was characterized X-ray diffraction (XRD) fluorescence analysis. Aqueous solutions prepared laboratory filtered through membranes. influence main parameters...

  Projected climate changes in arid and semi-arid regions, such as reduced aquifer recharge capacity altered riverine hydrography, pose significant challenges to water supply, particularly the Nile River basin Egypt. Riverbank Filtration (RBF) offers a sustainable, cost-effective treatment technology that enhances quality of abstracted from polluted rivers. By installing abstraction wells along riverbanks, RBF supports agricultural resilience adaptation by providing stable reliable...

AbstractPrevious studies on water treatment processes confirmed that pre-oxidation of the surface improves coagulation and filtration processes. However, only few focused its effects algae their toxins. In this study, variability microcystins through conventional was investigated within a full-scale plant, which is challenged with high level cyanotoxins where pre-chlorinated. Treatment trials were conducted without pre-chlorination. The characteristics, algal count, compared. results...

Certain complaints about building water supply systems (BWSSs) arise from their oversizing or undersizing. It is essential to improve efficiency by minimizing cost and maximizing the benefit accrued them. This work introduces practical guidelines for BWSSs design, which deal not only with optimization but also availability during high demands. A head-dependent analysis function, takes into consideration pressure dependency of nodal outflows, presented. resilience index, minimum surplus head,...

Nearly all water supply systems for high-rise buildings in Egypt include storage cisterns to feed the upper floors with cold different uses. Although these are most important component distribution system, they generally least understood terms of their effect on quality. In this study, chlorine residual, algae genus and concentration, pH value were measured before after that exist above a 12-floor building Assiut City, Egypt, check potability, through 48 h observation. EPANET quality model...

Water quality in distribution systems has become a prominent issue the study of water networks. This concentrates on chlorine disinfection as an indicator quality. The model discussed this work is based laboratory and field collected data. applied real network which exists Almonsha city Upper Egypt. experimental set-up procedure measuring bulk (Kb) wall (Kw) decay coefficients are described. data together with results used for calibrating using extended period simulation. aim to find...

Soil aquifer treatment (SAT) is one of the most important methods for reusing wastewater.This study evaluated influence 300 cm vadose zone thickness on removal wastewater contaminants.Physicochemical parameters and heavy metal were assessed at 0, 30, 60, 100, 150, 200, soil depth.Results showed that upper layer effectively removed some contaminants from wastewater.An increase in pH with depth 7.38 to 8.25.The efficiency COD BOD was 83.27% 83.24%, respectively.TSS decreased 146.7 76.5 mg/l, a...

Abstract Adsorption is a rapid and known method to treat wastewater remove contaminants such as ammonia (NH 3 + ) nitrogen derivatives. Herein, novel adsorption materials are demonstrated eliminate the most hazard industrial municipal including Oxide glasses new adsorbing media beneficial for treatment due dangling bond defects non-bridging oxygen, which act centers. characterized by their low cost simple preparation method. Different types of oxide borate, phosphate, silicate, germinate...

Abstract Green remediation is a known technology that uses different types of plants to extract contaminants from the environment. This study aims remove heavy metals treated wastewater by using natural growing on River Nile banks in Egypt. Secondary effluent was collected West Gerga treatment plant, located Sohag city, Experiments two aquatic were carried out. They planted individually and combination with densities secondary surface for 10 days' retention time cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni) lead...

Simplification is an important design step of water supply and irrigation pipes networks. It recognized by making the original network easier to be understood analyzed. Water hammer in water-supply networks may give rise high low pressures, due superposition reflected pressure waves. The effect networks’ simplification on phenomenon investigated. This study uses a simple two loops composed 12 density polyethylenes (HDPE) with different diameters, thicknesses, roughness coefficients...

In plumbing water systems (PWSs), there are two main layouts for pipe networks (WPNs) within buildings: branched and looped layouts. The aim of this study is to introduce an approach improving the performance PWSs using buildings. This applied a case configuration that firstly changed with same diameters, secondly discharge velocity, thirdly double diameters. All cases were analyzed cost hydraulic reliability in terms resilience index, minimum surplus head, failure index demand node's flow...

Several studies were conducted utilizing various adsorbents in an effort to remove NH3+, NO3, and total nitrogen (TN) by adsorption process. In this study, Borosilicate glass is used as adsorbent material. The effectiveness of the removing TN was examined, that relation effect solution characteristics. Three different types intermediate oxides (Al2O3, SnO, Bi2O3) synthesize three samples borosilicate (adsorbents), study their on efficiency glass. Aluminum oxide Al2O3 (I), tin SnO (J),...

Quantum dots (QDs) can be used as labels with fluorescent nanoprobes and ZnO QDs have a band gap over 4 eV large 60 meV exciton binding energy. Capped presents high quantum efficiency surface enhancement in biochemical analysis ultrasensitive detection of biomaterials proteins. This work reported the synthesis capped different agents 3-aminopropyl triethoxy silane (APTES), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) from nonaqueous medium. were characterized by techniques...

Detergents contain synthetic or organic surface active agents called surfactants, which are derived from petroleum product precursors. They have the common property of lowering tensions water thus allowing dirt grease adhered to various articles be washed off. Linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) is an anionic surfactant most commonly used. Discharge raw treated wastewater containing this chemical into environment causes major public health and enviromental problems. In study, samples were...

Detergents contain synthetic or organic surface active agents called surfactants, which are derived from petroleum product precursors. They have the common property of lowering tensions water thus allowing dirt grease adhered to various articles be washed off. Linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) is an anionic surfactant most commonly used. Discharge raw treated wastewater containing this chemical into environment causes major public health and enviromental problems. In study, samples were...

An existing system of natural waste stabilization ponds (WSPs) in El-Qusiyyah city, Upper Egypt was monitored through one year to evaluate the fate heavy metals and nutrients included wastewater. The plant treats domestic wastewater with design daily flow rate 40,000 m^3 stills hydraulically under-loaded. It comprises two parallel lines each consists anaerobic, facultative, four maturation series. Variations some physicochemical parameters (T,pH,DO,〖BOD〗_5,and TSS) along were observed...

This study aims to evaluate SAT system in removing nutrients and bacteriological pollution )heterotrophic bacteria ( from partially wastewater, reuse the treated wastewater agriculture according Egyptian Code of Practice (ECP) Food Agriculture Organization (FAO) limits.Results indicated that is effective heterotrophic wastewater.The vadose zone acts as a filter it contaminants suitable distance for extracting water with acceptable quality 750 m infiltration basin.Organic nitrogen, ammonia,...

The reuse of treated wastewater, in particular for irrigation, is an increasingly common practice, encouraged by governments and official entities worldwide. Constructed wetlands have become known systems that use many plants varieties to withdraw pollutants from the nature. present research goal examine using Echinochloa pyramidalis Ludwigia stolonifera extract toxic metals nutrients wastewater. were used each individually together 10 days remove wastewater with different concentrations....