Abstract The feasibility of using Fourier transform near infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIR) to rapidly determine the lignin and extractive content various wood species (including softwoods hardwoods) was investigated. Partial Least Square regression analyses were performed describe relationships between data sets wet laboratory chemical FT-NIR spectra. selection relevant wavenumbers combined with appropriate pre-processing methods produced satisfactory prediction models. test statistics (R2 ,...

The subgrade soil is generally in saturated or unsaturated condition. To analyze complex thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical (THMC) behaviors of subgrade, it essential to determine the soil–water characteristic curve (SWCC) that represents relationship between matric suction and moisture content. In this study, a full-automatic rapid stress-dependent SWCC pressure-plate extractor was developed. Then, influences overburden stress degree compaction on such as high liquid limit silt (MH) low clay...

Abstract A series of core‐shell type cationic soap‐free latex were prepared by using styrene(St), butyl acrylate(BA), and methyl methacrylate(MMA) as main materials introducing rosin the functional monomer. Cationic starch (CS‐8), which has low relative viscosity, was used emulsifier dispersant. The influencing factors reaction studied optimal conditions achieved. Then products characterized scanning electron microscope (SEM), FT‐IR, laser particle sizer, charge detector (PCD). results...

Abstract To obtain additives that could simultaneously increase the dry strength and wet of paper sheets, we synthesized a series crosslinked cationic glyoxalated polyacrylamide (GPAM) resins by using acrylamide (AM), 2‐methacryloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC), N ‐methylolacrylamide (NMA), 2‐mercaptoethanol, glyoxal as main materials. GPAM demonstrated excellent properties had good strengthening ability under following polymerization conditions: dosage AM = 55 wt %, monomer DMC...

In this work, the graft copolymerization of acrylamide (AM) and methacryloyloxy ethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC) with hemicellulose in alkaline peroxide mechanical pulping (APMP) effluent was investigated using Fenton agent (FeSO4/H2O2) as an initiator. The effects reaction conditions on characteristics copolymers were studied. On basis copolymer characterization, optimum follows: total active ingredient concentration 31%, reactive temperature 50 °C, amount initiator 0.4%, ratio H2O2...

Abstract Optical brightening agents (OBA) or fluorescent whitening (FWA) are commonly used in the paper industry to improve optical performance of products. The increased use bleached chemi‐thermo‐mechanical pulp (BCTMP) high‐yield (HYP) printing and writing grades has initiated research topics on efficiency OBA mechanical pulp‐containing furnishes. In this study, process parameters that may affect retention were investigated, such as furnish composition, charge, contacting time, water...

Hemicelluloses present in the prehydrolysis liquor (PHL) of hardwood kraft-based dissolving pulp production process can be utilized furfural, which is an important renewable, non-petroleum-based platform chemical. A lower furfural yield was observed from concentrated sugars PHL acetic-acid-catalyzed systems. The reaction rate sugar consumption and destruction higher than those model xylan xylose systems, may due to side-reactions lignin with carbonization oligomeric sugars. In order minimize...

Bleached simao pine kraft pulp was treated with Aspergillus niger crude cellulase produced by submerged fermentation using the as carbon source. The effects of on beatability and mechanical properties were studied. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) performed to study effect treatment cellulose crystallinity index. fiber morphology difference before after also revealed atomic force microscope observation. Compared control pulp, beating time cellulase-treated dosage 7 u/g could...

In this study, experimental viscosity results of hardwood prehydrolysis liquor (PHL) from the kraft-based dissolving pulp production process were obtained and used to develop empirical models describing effect temperature, solid content, interaction between solute solvent, concentration lignin hemicelluloses. The concentration, molar mass, molecular weight polysaccharide PHL, all are factors that affect rheological behavior PHL. showed that, on one side, Zaman Fricke's model gave better...

Abstract A series of cationic starch (CS-8)-based styrene (St) acrylate latex preparations was prepared by the core-shell emulsion polymerization method. The used in surface-treatment decorative base papers, for good printability and absorbability. CS-8, which has a low relative viscosity, as emulsifier dispersant. influencing factors (dosage CS-8 well kinds dosages functional monomers) were studied optimal conditions achieved. Then, products characterized scanning electron microscopy (SEM),...

Abstract An accurate estimation of earth pressure on retaining walls is imperative to achieving its design. This paper presents an analytical method framework that considers the effect plant transpiration relative traditional calculation approaches. Specifically, a closed-form solution for one-dimensional steady unsaturated flow considering incorporated into representation effective stress obtain changes in matric suction, and stress. The representations are used extend Hooke’s law Rankine’s...

A three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was used with enzyme dosage (0.05-0.15‰ o.d. fiber), enzymatic contact time (20-40 min), and pulp consistency (3-7%, o.d.) as independent variables to understand optimize the pretreatment conditions of mixed office waste (MOW) for maximum improvement its drainability. All considered were found have significant influence on drainability pulp. The had a predominate effect, took second place, seemed low priority. quadratic polynomial model...