We measured digit span (DS) in two experiments that used computerized presentation of randomized auditory digits with performance-adapted list length adjustment. A new mean (MS) metric DS was developed showed reduced variance, improved test-retest reliability, and higher correlations the results other neuropsychological test when compared to traditional measures. The MS also enhanced sensitivity forward versus backward comparisons, enabled development normative performance criteria subdigit...

Simple reaction time (SRT), the minimal needed to respond a stimulus, is basic measure of processing speed. SRTs were first measured by Francis Galton in 19th century, who reported visual SRT latencies below 190 ms young subjects. However, recent large-scale studies have substantially increased that differ markedly different laboratories, part due timing delays introduced computer hardware and software used for measurement. We developed calibrated temporally precise test analyze factors...

Background While human auditory cortex is known to contain tonotopically organized cortical fields (ACFs), little about how processing in these modulated by other acoustic features or attention. Methodology/Principal Findings We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and population-based surface analysis characterize the tonotopic organization of analyze influence tone intensity, ear delivery, scanner background noise, intermodal selective attention on activations. Medial...

Aging is associated with delayed processing in choice reaction time (CRT) tasks, but the stages most impacted by aging have not been clearly identified. Here, we analyzed CRT latencies a computerized serial visual feature-conjunction task. Participants responded to target letter (probability 40%) pressing one mouse button, and distractor letters differing either color, shape, or both features from (probabilities 20% each), other button. Stimuli were presented randomly left right fields...

Background Recent neuroimaging studies have revealed that putatively unimodal regions of visual cortex can be activated during auditory tasks in sighted as well blind subjects. However, the task determinants and functional significance occipital activations (AOAs) remains unclear. Methodology/Principal Findings We examined AOAs an intermodal selective attention to distinguish whether they were stimulus-bound or recruited by higher-level cognitive operations associated with attention....

While auditory cortex in non-human primates has been subdivided into multiple functionally specialized cortical fields (ACFs), the boundaries and functional specialization of human ACFs have not defined. In current study, we evaluated whether a widely accepted primate model could explain regional tuning properties fMRI activations on surface to attended non-attended tones different frequency, location, intensity. The limits were defined by voxels that showed significant sounds. Three...

In this forum we highlight innovative thought, design, and research in the area of interaction design sustainability, illustrating diversity approaches across HCI communities. --- Lisa Nathan Samuel Mann, Editors

Abstract Lesion symptom mapping (LSM) tools are used on brain injury data to identify the neural structures critical for a given behavior or symptom. Univariate lesion (ULSM) methods provide statistical comparisons of behavioral test scores in patients with and without voxel by basis. More recently, multivariate (MLSM) have been developed that consider effects all lesioned voxels one model simultaneously. In current study, we much‐needed systematic comparison several ULSM MLSM methods, using...

We assessed the effects of perceptual training syllable identification in noise on nonsense test (NST) performance new (Experiment 1) and experienced 2) hearing aid (HA) users with sensorineural loss. In Experiment 1, HA were randomly assigned to either immediate (IT) or delayed (DT) groups. IT subjects underwent 8 weeks at-home in-laboratory testing, whereas DT identical testing without training. Training produced large improvements subjects, spontaneous improvement was minimal subjects....

Computerized measures of digit tapping rate were obtained over 3 successive, 10-sec. periods in the right and left index fingers, from a community sample 1,519 participants (ages 18 to 65 years; 607 men, 912 women). Differences between dominant non-dominant hands found for rate, movement initiation, button down times, decline periods. Declines older association with increased intertap variability. Men had higher rates than women all age ranges. The computerized finger test is an efficient...

The trail making test (TMT) is widely used to assess speed of processing and executive function. However, normative data sets gathered at different sites show significant inconsistencies. Here, we describe a computerized version the TMT (C-TMT) that increases precision replicability by permitting segment-by-segment analysis performance separate analyses dwell-time, move-time, error time. Experiment 1 examined 165 subjects various ages found completion times on both C-TMT-A (where connect...

Conditioning can make imprecise probabilities uniformly more imprecise. We call this effect “dilation”. In a previous paper (1993), Seidenfeld and Wasserman established some basic results about dilation. we further investigate dilation on several models. particular, consider conditions under which persists marginalization quantify the degree of also show that manifests itself asymptotically in certain robust Bayesian models characterize rate at occurs.

The corpus callosum includes the majority of fibers that connect two cortical hemispheres. Studies cross-sectional callosal morphometry and area have revealed developmental, gender, hemispheric differences in healthy populations deficits associated with neurodegenerative disease brain injury. However, accurate quantification using magnetic resonance imaging is complicated by intersubject variability size, shape, location often requires manual outlining order to achieve adequate performance....

Xiaojian Kangab*, Timothy J. Herrona, Marc Ettlingera & David L. Woodsabca Human Cognitive Neurophysiology Lab, VA Research Service 151, VA-NCHCS, Martinez, CA, USA b Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience, UC Davis, Sacramento, c Davis Mind Brain,

In verbal fluency (VF) tests, subjects articulate words in a specified category during short test period (typically 60 s). Verbal tests are widely used to study language development and evaluate memory retrieval neuropsychiatric disorders. Performance is usually measured as the total number of correct retrieved. Here, we describe properties computerized VF (C-VF) that tallies repetitions while providing additional lexical measures word frequency, syllable count, typicality. addition, C-VF...

Identification functions of 20 initial and final consonants were characterized in 9600 randomly sampled consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) tokens presented speech-spectrum noise. Because differences the response criteria for different consonants, signal detection measures used to quantify identifiability. Consonant-specific baseline signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) adjusted produce a d′ 2.20 each consonant. Consonant identification was measured at SNRs (B), B−6, B+6 dB. Baseline varied by more...

Objective: Traditional neuropsychological testing with paper-and-pencil tests has been a mainstay of cognitive assessment. However, is prone to inter-examiner variability, insensitive subtle changes, time-consuming, and often unavailable rural under-resourced communities. Computerized web-based assessments such as the California Cognitive Assessment Battery (CCAB) have developed address these issues. Method: The CCAB fully automated battery 30+ that parallel traditional measures....

Patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) often present significant cognitive deficits without corresponding evidence of cortical damage on neuroradiological examinations. One explanation for this puzzling observation is that the diffuse abnormalities characterize TBI are difficult to detect standard imaging procedures. Here we investigated a patient severe TBI-related impairments whose scan was interpreted as normal by board-certified radiologist in order determine if quantitative...

We used population-based cortical-surface analysis of functional magnetic imaging data to characterize the processing consonant-vowel-consonant syllables (CVCs) and spectrally matched amplitude-modulated noise bursts (AMNBs) in human auditory cortex as subjects attended or visual stimuli an intermodal selective attention paradigm. Average cortical field (ACF) locations were defined using tonotopic mapping a previous study. Activations by two stimulus-preference gradients: (1) Medial belt...

Understanding the anatomical and structural organization of cerebral cortex is facilitated by surface-based analysis enabled FreeSurfer, Caret, related tools. Here, we examine precision FreeSurfer parcellation introduce a method to align FreeSurfer-registered left right hemispheres onto common template in order characterize hemispheric asymmetries. The results are visualized using Mollweide projections, an area-preserving map. regional distribution, inter-hemispheric asymmetries intersubject...

We analyzed error patterns during digit span (DS) testing in four experiments. In Experiment 1, from a community sample of 427 subjects revealed strong primacy and recency effects. Subjects with shorter DSs showed an increased incidence transposition errors comparison other types greater multiple on incorrect trials. 2 investigated 46 young three test sessions. The results replicated those 1 demonstrated that individual were consistent across repeated administrations. 3 40 who feigned...

The most common complaint of older hearing impaired (OHI) listeners is difficulty understanding speech in the presence noise. However, tests consonant-identification and sentence reception threshold (SeRT) provide different perspectives on magnitude impairment. Here we quantified perception difficulties 24 OHI unaided aided conditions by analyzing (1) thresholds consonant confusions for 20 onset coda consonants consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) syllables presented at consonant-specific...