A common perception is that pasture-based, low-input dairy systems characteristic of the 1940s were more conducive to environmental stewardship than modern milk production systems. The objective this study was compare impact (2007) US with historical practices as exemplified by system in 1944. deterministic model based on metabolism and nutrient requirements herd used estimate resource inputs waste outputs per billion kg milk. Both modeled using management practices, population dynamics,...

Consumers often perceive that the modern beef production system has an environmental impact far greater than of historical systems, with improved efficiency being achieved at expense greenhouse gas emissions. The objective this study was to compare (2007) US practices characteristic in 1977. A deterministic model based on metabolism and nutrient requirements population used quantify resource inputs waste outputs per billion kilograms beef. Both systems were modeled using management...

This study compared the environmental impact of conventional, natural and grass-fed beef production systems. A deterministic model based on metabolism nutrient requirements population was used to quantify resource inputs waste outputs per 1.0 × 10⁸ kg hot carcass weight in conventional (CON), (NAT) (GFD) Production systems were modeled using characteristic management practices, dynamics data from U.S. Increased productivity (slaughter growth rate) CON system reduced cattle size required...

Life-cycle assessment (LCA) is the preferred methodology to assess carbon footprint per unit of milk. The objective this case study was apply an LCA method compare footprints high-performance confinement and grass-based dairy farms. Physical performance data from research herds were used quantify a Irish system top-performing United Kingdom (UK) system. For US system, top 5% national database used. applied using same farm greenhouse gas (GHG) model for all systems. estimated on- off-farm GHG...

Abstract The U.S. dairy industry considerably reduced environmental impacts between 1944 and 2007, primarily through improved cow productivity. However, although milk yield per has increased over the past decade, whole-system impact analyses have not been conducted this time period, during which modeling science considerably. objective of study was to compare cattle production in 2007–2017. A deterministic model based on population demographics, metabolism, nutrient requirements used...

The environmental impact of using recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) in dairy production was examined on an individual cow, industry-scale adoption, and overall system basis. An average 2006 U.S. milk yield 28.9 kg per day used, with a daily response to rbST supplementation 4.5 cow. Rations were formulated both resource inputs (feedstuffs, fertilizers, fuels) waste outputs (nutrient excretion greenhouse gas emissions) calculated. wider systems assessed via acidification (AP),...

The objective of this study was to quantify the environmental and economic impact withdrawing growth-enhancing technologies (GET) from U.S. beef production system. A deterministic model based on metabolism nutrient requirements population used resource inputs waste outputs per 454 × 10(6) kg beef. Two systems were compared: one using GET (steroid implants, in-feed ionophores, hormones, beta-adrenergic agonists) where approved by FDA at current adoption rates other without use. Both modeled...

The objective of this study was to compare the environmental impact Jersey or Holstein milk production sufficient yield 500,000 t cheese (equivalent yield) both with and without recombinant bovine somatotropin use. deterministic model used 2009 DairyMetrics (Dairy Records Management Systems, Raleigh, NC) population data for composition (Jersey: 20.9 kg/d, 4.8% fat, 3.7% protein; Holstein: 29.1 3.8% 3.1% protein), age at first calving, calving interval, culling rate. Each contained lactating...

As the global population increases, more animal protein needs to be produced using fewer resources (land, water, and energy) with a smaller carbon footprint. Improved productivity has considerably reduced footprint of dairy beef production over past century. Extensive systems intuitively appear environmentally friendly, yet scientific analysis demonstrates that intensive reduce resource use, waste output, greenhouse gas emissions per unit food. livestock continue make gains, sustainability...

The present study investigated the effect of maternal vitamin E and fatty acid supplementation on lamb antioxidant status. Forty-eight ewes were fed one four concentrate diets supplemented with a basal (50 mg/kg) or supranutritional (500 level plus source either saturated fat (Megalac; Volac Ltd, Royston, Hertfordshire, UK) long-chain PUFA (fish oil) from 6 weeks prepartum until 4 postpartum. Blood samples taken lambs at intervals throughout experiment and, parturition, muscle, brain blood...

Supplementation of pregnant ewes with long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) demonstrably improves indicators neonatal lamb vigour, potentially improving the number lambs reared per ewe. The present study investigated effect supplementing fish oil and vitamin E (α-tocopherol acetate) throughout both pregnancy lactation on performance lactating sucking lambs. Forty-eight were supplemented one four concentrates containing either Megalac or plus a basal (50 mg/kg) supranutritional...

The objective of this study was to assess environmental impact, economic viability, and social acceptability 3 beef production systems with differing levels efficiency. A deterministic model U.S. used predict the number animals required produce 1 × 10(9) kg HCW beef. Three treatments were compared, representing average (control), a 15% increase in ADG, finishing weight (FW). For each treatment, various socioeconomic scenarios compared account for uncertainty producer consumer behavior....

Abstract Background A considerable body of evidence has reported the beneficial effects improving productivity on reducing environmental impacts from livestock production. However, despite negative animal diseases reproduction, growth and milk production, there is little information available upon disease greenhouse gas emissions (GHGe). This study aimed to partially address this knowledge gap by investigating globally important vaccine-preventable GHGe various systems, namely: intensive...

Optimizing efficiency in the cow-calf sector is an important step toward improving beef sustainability. The objective of study was to use a model identify relative roles reproductive, genetic, and nutritional management minimizing production systems' environmental impact economically viable, socially acceptable manner. An economic diet optimizer used ideal systems varying genetic reproductive technology use. Eight scenarios were compared least cost baseline: average U.S. practices (CON), CON...