Relaxation and excitation are components of the effects music listening. The tempo is often considered a critical factor when determining these effects: listening to slow-tempo fast-tempo elicits relaxation excitation, respectively. However, chemical bases that underlie remain unclear. Since parasympathetic sympathetic nerve activities facilitated by oxytocin glucocorticoid, respectively, we hypothesized relaxing exciting accompanied increases in cortisol levels, We evaluated change salivary...

A unique sound that deviates from a repetitive background induces signature neural responses, such as mismatch negativity and novelty P3 response in electro-encephalography studies. Here we show deviant auditory stimulus human pupillary dilation (PDR) is sensitive to the properties irrespective whether attention directed sounds or not. In an oddball sequence, used white noise 2000-Hz tones oddballs against repeated 1000-Hz tones. Participants' responses were recorded while they listened...

Perceptual grouping of successive frequency components, namely, auditory streaming, is essential for scene analysis. Prolonged listening to an unchanging triplet-tone sequence produces a series illusory switches between single coherent stream (S1) and two distinct streams (S2). The predominant percept depends on the difference (Deltaf) high low tones. Here, we combined use different Deltafs with event-related fMRI design identify whether temporal dynamics brain activity differs depending...

Rats are known to emit ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs). These USVs have been hypothesized hold biological meaning, and the relationship between behavior has extensively studied. However, most of these studies looked at specific conditions, such as fear-inducing situations sexual encounters. In present experiment, pairs rats in ordinary housing conditions were recorded their features examined. Three clusters 25-, 40-, 60-kHz range detected, which roughly corresponded fighting, feeding,...

It is unclear what neural processes induce individual differences in perceptual organization different modalities. To examine this issue, the present study used forms of bistable perception: auditory streaming, verbal transformations, visual plaids, and reversible figures. We performed factor analyses on number switches tasks. A 3-factor model provided a better fit to data than other possible models. These factors, namely "auditory," "shape," "motion" were separable but correlated with each...

Recent studies have shown that auditory scene analysis involves distributed neural sites below, in, and beyond the cortex (AC). However, it remains unclear what role each site plays how they interact in formation selection of percepts. We addressed this issue through perceptual multistability phenomena, namely, spontaneous switching streaming (AS) for a sequence repeated triplet tones, changes word, known as verbal transformations (VTs). An event-related fMRI revealed brain activity...

When three stimulators are simultaneously touched with the middle fingers of one hand but only outer two cooled or heated, central (neutral) stimulator is also perceived to be cold warm. This phenomenon known as thermal referral and it shares phenomenological similarities filling-in, in which discontinuity signals interest can compensated perceptually on basis spatially adjacent context. Although mechanisms underlying filling-in have been well substantiated, those still poorly understood. In...

In baseball, batters swing in response to a ball moving at high speed within limited amount of time—about 0.5 seconds. order make such movement possible, quick and accurate trajectory prediction followed by motion with optimal body-eye coordination is considered essential, but the mechanisms involved are not clearly understood. The present study aims clarify strategies eye head movements adopted elite baseball actual game situations. our experiment, six current professional faced former...

Baseball batting is an inherently complex visuomotor task that requires the rapid processing of multiple cognitive-motor computations within a split second. The key components these include sense timing, swing decision-making, and adjustment. Although each has been studied independently, few studies have addressed their temporal integration. As such, we explored structure processes in baseball using virtual reality (VR) training system. VR system simulated mixed sequence fastballs breaking...

The ability to detect sudden changes in the environment is critical for survival. Hearing hypothesized play a major role this process by serving as an "early warning device," rapidly directing attention new events. Here, we investigate listeners' sensitivity complex acoustic scenes—what makes certain events "pop-out" and grab while others remain unnoticed? We use artificial "scenes" populated multiple pure-tone components, each with unique frequency amplitude modulation rate. Importantly,...

Auditory scene analysis requires the listener to parse incoming flow of acoustic information into perceptual “streams,” such as sentences from a single talker in midst background noise. Behavioral and neural data show that formation streams is not instantaneous; rather, streaming builds up over time can be reset by sudden changes acoustics scene. Here, we investigated effect induced voluntary head motion on streaming. We used telepresence robot virtual reality setup disentangle all potential...

Many individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have difficulty verbal communication, which might be due to a lack of spontaneous orientation toward social auditory stimuli. Previous studies shown that single dose oxytocin improves speech comprehension in autism. The primary aim this study was investigate whether the behaviors human sounds are different for neurotypical (NT) adults and ASD has an effect on their sounds.This randomized, placebo-controlled, within-subject, crossover...

Perceptual organisation must select one interpretation from several alternatives to guide behaviour. Computational models suggest that this could be achieved through an interplay between inhibition and excitation across competing types of neural population coding for each interpretation. Here, test such models, we used magnetic resonance spectroscopy measure non-invasively the concentrations inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) excitatory glutamate-glutamine (Glx) in brain regions. Human...

In esports competitions, both motor skills used to manipulate an avatar and psychological are important achieve optimal performance. Previous studies have investigated the role of skill on computer game performance by observing modulation physiological state. However, how state is modulated in athletes during match unclear. this study, we examined two hypotheses clarify effects competitive interactive play professionals: (1) sympathetic nervous system players activated situation, (2)...

Under certain conditions, sounds actually missing from a speech signal can be synthesized by the brain and clearly heard. This illusory phenomenon, known as phonemic restoration effect, reveals sophisticated capability of underlying robust perception in noisy situations often encountered daily life. In this article, basic aspects effect are described with audio demonstrations.

The segregation of sound sources from the mixture sounds that enters ear is a core capacity human hearing, but extent to which this process dependent on attention remains unclear.This study investigated effect ability segregate via repetition.We utilized dual task design in stimuli be segregated were presented along with for "decoy" required continuous monitoring.The assess target 10 times row, each time concurrent different distractor sound.McDermott, Wrobleski, and Oxenham (2011)...

Two experiments were conducted involving the auditory localization aftereffect, in which perceptual lateralization of a test sound having an interaural time difference (ITD) shifts away from that prior adapting different ITD. First, frequency selectivity aftereffect was examined for sinusoids presented through headphones, with various combinations adapter and frequencies below 800 Hz, using method constant stimuli. The magnitude found to be largest when two tones similar, virtually...

To make sense of complex auditory scenes, the system sequentially organizes components into perceptual objects or streams. In conventional view this process, cortex plays a major role in organization, and subcortical mechanisms merely provide with acoustical features. Here, we show that neural activities brainstem are linked to which alternates spontaneously for human listeners without any stimulus change. The used experiment was an unchanging sequence repeated triplet tones, can be...

Abstract In two-handed actions like baseball batting, the brain can allocate control to each arm in an infinite number of ways. According hemispheric specialization theory, dominant hemisphere is adept at ballistic control, while non-dominant specialized postural stabilization, so should divide between arms according their respective specialization. Here, we tested this prediction by examining how shares and during bimanual reaching stabilization. Participants reached with both hands, which...

Task-specific focal dystonia (TSFD), characterized by the loss of fine motor control and coordination, affects drummers’ lower-limb movements. This study explores dystonia’s impact on drumming performance underlying muscle activity in a professional rock drummer. The drummer executed an eight-beat pattern drum kit. participant reported occurrence symptoms when he felt abnormality such as related to involuntary aspects movement. We measured peak amplitude bass drumhead vibration,...