We have investigated three different quasi-phase-matching approaches to second-harmonic generation (SHG) in DANS (4-dimethylamino-4′-nitrostilbene) poled polymer channel waveguides at 1.5 μm. Periodic photobleaching and periodically electrodes deposited directly on the film produced unacceptably high propagation losses. However, periodic substrate gave low losses useful SHG.

Nonlinear optical polymers contain molecular dipoles with very large hyperpolarizabilities in a glassy polymer matrix. Two typical examples—a guest-host system dispersed polar dye molecules and side-chain material chemically attached dipoles—were investigated by means of poling experiments, dielectric spectroscopy, thermally stimulated depolarization, electro-optical thermal analysis. The behavior both can be described the phenomenological Havriliak–Negami equation, existence master curves...

Compact and simple experimental setups for scanning pyroelectrical electro-optical microscopy are introduced. Their feasibility is demonstrated with scans of periodically poled layers a nonlinear optical side-chain polymer. While the microscope has less complex design easier to use, exhibits better spatial resolution higher contrast. Both tools will be essential optimizing patterned poling waveguides, modulators, sensors.

Photothermal heating of a nonlinear optical polymer film with focused laser beam leads to local temperatures above the glass transition so that molecular dipoles orient in electric field applied electrodes. Periodic switching direction during movement sample yields gratings alternating polarity which were studied scanning electro-optical microscopy. The width and depth poled stripes probed pyroelectrical techniques, respectively. poling may be combined other techniques order produce various...

Modal dispersion phase-matched second harmonic generation is demonstrated in new poled polymer waveguide geometries with a nonlinear optical core consisting of two side-chain polymers different glass transition temperatures. After poling above and between the respective transitions, sign coefficient reversed polymers, thereby improving overlap integral. Conversion efficiencies up to 7%/W cm2 were achieved first experiments.

New multilayer polymer waveguides have been introduced with inverted nonlinear layers for efficient modal dispersion phase-matched second-harmonic generation at the telecommunication wavelength near 1.55 μm. The optical core of consists two modified Disperse Red 1–based side-chain polymers different glass-transition temperatures. signs coefficients are in after suitable poling above and between respective glass transitions, thereby optimizing overlap integral. nonlinearity profile is...

The sensitivity of a series silicon trap detectors has been measured as function beam polarization. Measurements and numerical simulation show that very small departures from the ideal orientation photodiodes mounted in induces significant to state polarization beam. Consequences this dependence for use transfer high-accuracy applications, particularly cryogenic radiometry, are discussed.

Stable polymers with nonlinear optical side groups were synthesized from maleic anhydride copolymers and the azo dye Disperse Red 1 via esterification. After electrode poling under 135 V/μm at 185 °C, thermal stabilities measured by pyroelectric electro-optic analysis compared to a guest/host polymer of polymethylmethacrylate same dye. The pyroelectrically detected dipole orientation activity side-chain decreased only above 150 r33 coefficients up 6 pm/V achieved 780 nm even without...

A compact experimental setup for an electro-optical microscope is introduced. The based on phase-shift interferometry (a well-known tool surface profilometry) that modified measuring electro-optic responses. Its feasibility demonstrated with a two-dimensional map of the activity periodically poled nonlinear-optical side-chain polymer.

A hybrid integration concept has been investigated which combines the advantages of ultra-low loss silica waveguides and low power consumption polymer thermo-optic switches. 1×2 vertical coupler type switch (VCS) realised. Preliminary results exhibited a crosstalk < –23 dB, an insertion 3.5 dB (at 1550 nm) switching 80 mW.

Crosslinking of polymers with dipoles can be followed by means dielectric, pyroelectric, and in situ electro-optic measurements. All three techniques provide similar insights as to the cross-linking process. In addition, measurements allow for determination resulting optical nonlinearity. After crosslinking is completed polymer behaves like a side-chain polymer. photoinduced poling an already cross-linked dipolar network demonstrated.

Abstract Oblique-cut layers from the perovskite crystals potassium tantalate niobate and barium titanate tungsten-bronze crystal strontium are suggested as control for active-matrix-addressed electro-optic spatial light modulators. Since all these materials consist of oxygen octahedra building blocks since they exhibit their highest effect in tetragonal (4mm) phase, a common theoretical treatment is used to determine optimal oblique-cut angle. Preliminary experimental results on presented...

This paper explores the potential use of growth hacking as a prescriptive tool in development economics from system dynamics perspective. Growth is popular business method, and it stands umbrella term for attaining exponential by creating harnessing non-linear forming virtuous cycles with creative ideas, field experimentation, fast feedback loops. In this sense, inductive, non-linear, empirical, contrasting economic literature's deductive, linear, abstract frameworks. Given rationale, can...

The stability of the responsivity trap detectors under vacuum has been studied by means a special chamber designed for test photodetectors at low pressure. first experiments wavelength 647 nm show that variations are smaller than uncertainties measurements, approximately 3 parts in 10(5), when detector operates successively air, vacuum, and then again air. Calculations based on with single windowless photodiodes indicate change is due to effects should be 1 part least visible range. This...

Polymers with second-order optical nonlinearities contain molecular dipoles as guest molecules, side groups, or main-chain segments. Macroscopic nonlinear effects including the electro-optical effect are obtained only after preferential orientation of by means poling. At least in principle, full range known electret poling techniques can be employed polymer electrets. In addition, a few new methods were developed specifically for them. Since relatively high glass-transition temperatures...

Abstract Thin films of potassium tantalate niobate (KTN) were prepared by means pulsed excimer-laser deposition and investigated with a number analytical techniques including electrical electro-optical measurements. For applications in longitudinal electro-optic (EO) modulators, second electrode is required between substrate EO layer. Suitable epitaxial electrodes, which also permit growth KTN, identified prepared. The resulting layered samples not only good optical quality, but exhibited...

Poled nonlinear optical polymers are molecular dipole electrets and must therefore exhibit pyro- piezoelectricity. As a complement to pyroelectrical techniques, piezoelectrical investigations may offer additional possibilities for looking into the physical mechanisms of various effects found in poled polymers. First results ongoing experiments described discussed. In particular, direct inverse piezoelectric responses guest-host side-chain were obtained from acousto-electric interferometric...

Advanced integrated optical devices with poled polymers require various dipole-orientation patterns. Besides parallel and perpendicular orientations respect to the film plane, periodic poling structures alternating polarity along waveguide direction step-like profiles across active-layer thickness are needed. The nondestructive investigation of dipole orientation patterns electro-optical pyroelectrical microscopes is described. Applications include mode filtering, polarization-independent...

In order to exhibit low scattering losses and sufficiently large electro-optical or other nonlinear optical coefficients, polymers for active waveguide applications must be amorphous contain molecular dipoles with hyperpolarizabilities, respectively. Macroscopic effects are only possible if the have a poling-induced preferential orientation which is either uniform suitably patterned within guiding layer. Since linear Pockels effect one of strongest most useful in such poled polymers, it can...

Modal dispersion phase-matched second harmonic generation is demonstrated in polymer-based waveguides with a nonlinear optical core consisting of two side-chain polymers different glass-transition temperatures. For an optimized overlap integral, step like nonlinearity profile (chi<SUP>(2</SUP>)-inverted structure) required across the thickness. The chi<SUP>(2</SUP>)-inverted structure achieved by consecutive thermally assisted poling steps above and between respective temperatures, opposite...

Efficient second-harmonie generation (SHG), widely used for the fabrication of compact blue light sources, can also be employed demonstration all-optical switching, spatial solitary waves, etc, through cascading second-order nonlinear effects1