In the latest literature, climate models show that conditions for pines, spruces, larches, and birches will deteriorate significantly. Poland, as well in other European countries, there are already signs of decline these species. This review article deals with symbiotic relationships between fungi plants, which can hardly be overestimated, using example pine trees. These oldest known relationships, great benefit to both components help particular, survive periods severe drought attack...

Abstract Tuber species may be regarded as complex microhabitats hosting diverse microorganisms inside their fruiting bodies. Here, we investigated the structure of microbial communities inhabiting gleba wild growing (in stands) T. aestivum , using Illumina sequencing and culture-based methods. The two methods used in combination allowed to extract more information on microbiota gleba. Analysis V3–V4 region 16S rDNA identified nine phyla bacteria present ascomata, mostly Proteobacteria from...

We describe the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) root tips and diversity of mycorrhizal fungal species at three English oak (Quercus robur) sites (two 120 year old one 60 site). The stands in decline, located western Poland, were characterized by a low degree vital ECM colonization: 30.2%, 29.1% 25.6% Krotoszyn (K), Piaski (P) Karczma Borowa (KB), respectively. DNA (ITS) barcoding revealed total 18 species. Based on exploration types, ectomycorrhizae classified with respect to ecologically relevant...

Every year there are changes in the register of fungicides available for forestry. It is proactive to develop a new strategy minimise application chemical methods and replace them with natural biological fungal control options. This study compares influence after one growing season bare-root forest nursery (a) effective microorganisms (EM) consisting mixed cultures beneficial naturally-occurring microorganisms, (b) organic fertilizer Actifos (Act), (c) mineral Busz Forte (BF) on growth...

Truffles are prized and nutrition‐rich edible hypogeous fungi. The aim of this study was a comprehensive investigation chemical composition Burgundy truffle ( Tuber aestivum Vittad .). We tried to answer the question: what is impact environment on quality. To know nutritional value we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour aroma compounds content in fruit bodies fungus collected three different geographical regions, i.e...

Abstract Drought in the forest is not only a prolonged state of water shortage, but also an occasion where interactions between plants and fungi are affected. Water efficiency accelerates range pathologies organisms, influencing ecosystems their interacting biological components. This study focuses on role mycorrhizal endophyte alleviating effects soil impact altered activity during drought health trees. The issues presented here show fundamental mycelium mechanism transport to plant course...

<em>Thelephora terrestris</em> (Erhr.) Fr. is a very common ectomycorrhizal symbiont (ECM) in conifer trees, however the role of this ubiquitous fungus nurseries and Scots pine plantations still unknown. It described as tolerant high nitrogen availability therefore was taken into consideration an important ECM partner seedlings, particularly after replanting on post agricultural land. In laboratory seedlings (<em>Pinus sylvestris</em> L.) were inoculated with...

Fungi belonging to the genus <em>Tuber</em> establish ectomycorrhizal symbioses with shrubs, trees and some herbaceous plants. Some species, for example, <em>T. melanosporum</em>, magnatum</em>, aestivum</em> are economically important because they produce edible fruiting bodies a distinctive taste flavor. Our concept of truffle ecophysiology is dominated by symbiosis deciduous hosts, such as: <em>Quercus</em> spp., <em>Fagus...

The linden tree ( Tilia spp.) is a popular for landscaping and urban environments in central northwest European countries, it one of the most cities Poland. Ectomycorrhizal fungi form symbiosis with many species protect host plant from heavy metals against salinity. aim this study was to characterise ECM fungal community trees along damage gradient. performed on two sites located centre city Gdańsk, northern vitality assessment made according Roloff’s classification. Tree classes were...

Abstract Betula pendula Roth. is considered a pioneering plant species important for urban ecosystems. Based on the sequencing of fungal ITS, we characterized ectomycorrhizal (ECM) communities twenty silver birch trees growing in contaminated, highly anthropo-pressured environment and natural reserve site. We analysed chemical properties each tree soil samples, focusing effects anthropogenic transformation. Three urbanization: high heavy metal content, increased salinity alkalinity, were...

Summer truffle (Tuber aestivum), also known as Burgundy truffle, is getting interest in Poland terms of cultivation a promising incentive for rural areas.Yet the occurrence fungus wider scale our country has been confirmed last decade.Ecological factors that determine T. aestivum are rather well Mediterranean region, whereas such knowledge limited northern Europe.The aim this work was to find correlations between essential nutrients surface horizons soils typical occurrence.The study area...

Abstract Cultivation of the Burgundy truffle, Tuber aestivum Vittad., has become a new agricultural alternative in Poland. For rural economies, concept landscaping is often considerably more beneficial than conventional agriculture and promotes reforestation, as well land-use stability. Considering examples from France, Italy, Hungary Spain, truffle cultivation stimulates economic social development small, communities. Because there no long tradition orchards Poland, knowledge regarding...

Although the importance of coarse woody debris (CWD) for species diversity is recognized, effects decay class on composition have received little attention. We examined how ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM) changes with CWD decay. describe root tips and mycorrhizal fungal at three English oak (Quercus robur L.) sites. DNA barcoding revealed a total 17 ECM species. The highest degree colonization was found in CWDadvanced (27.2%) CWDearly (27.1%). Based exploration types, ectomycorrhizae were...

The Burgundy truffle (Tuber aestivum Vittad.) has a wide-ranging distribution across Europe, yet its ecology is far from being well understood. For instance, although the literature on ecophysiology of this species dominated by symbiosis with deciduous hosts, real range hosts in nature seems to be much wider than current T. aestivum. aim study was determine relative importance abiotic (soil) and biotic (vegetation) properties determining performance pioneering stage research truffles Poland....

Urban trees provide many ecosystem services essential to city dwellers well-being. Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi are symbionts for and may also contribute urban tree health thus maintenance of the services. However, no studies so far have analysed composition ECM community colonising Crimean linden. In this study we investigated associations linden in environment, comparing street with those growing a park. Moreover, studied healthy versus unhealthy along street. The status each was assessed...

Abstract Endophytes are organisms that live within the plant tissue without usually causing any symptoms. In plants of natural ecosystems, endophytic fungi in fact ubiquitous. This review summarizes research carried out on their biology emphasizing functionality terms host range, colonization extent, way transmission between hosts and influence fitness. The main focus will be two classes fungal endophytes, class 2 4 (Dark Septate Fungi), due to potential for practical application forestry....

Background Global warming and drying have markedly enhanced in most forests the risk of fires across world, which can affect taxonomic functional composition key tree-associated organisms such as ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. The present study was conducted to characterise alterations extent root ECM colonisation, fungal communities, their exploration types ( i.e. , indicator soil foraging strategies) regenerated pines within a burned site compared with an unburned (five years after fire...

This review highlights the importance to people of some types wild fungi considered in context non-wood forest products.Macrofungi are used both for food and medicine proposes.Substances isolated from higher Basidiomycetes Ascomycetes mushrooms express promising immune modulating, antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial antidiabetic properties.They have been, presently, against cancer countries Far East as well United States America Canada.Their useful properties mainly conferred by...