The current nature of forest management in Poland reflects its history and more than 100 years economic activity affecting forests since independence 1918. Before that time, different models were used, related to the Prussian economy north country, Russian central-eastern part, Austrian south-eastern Poland. consequence these models, as well differing climate zones which they resulted varied health. Since end World War II, coverage within Poland‘s new borders has increased from 20.8%...

Climate changes influencing forest ecosystems include increased air temperatures and CO2 concentrations as well droughts decreased water availability. These in turn effect species composition of both host plants pathogens. In the case Armillaria, climate cause an increase activity individual modify growth rhizomorphs, increasing susceptibility trees. The relationship between biotic elements Armillaria disease are discussed overview.

Common mistletoe is increasingly mentioned as contributing not only to the decline of deciduous trees at roadside and in city parks, but conifers stands. The presence Viscum fir stands has been known for many years, since 2015 also cause damage pine. In 2019, was observed on 77.5 thousand hectares Scots pine southern central Poland. Drought resulting from global climate change implicated an important factor conducive weakening making them more susceptible spread other pests. This paper...

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the changes in chemical and microbial properties enzymatic activity soil enriched with vermicompost derived from household waste. tested rhizosphere Larix decidua seedlings cultivated 10-L pots in: (i) nursery (as control), (ii) 10% v/v vermicompost, (iii) 20% vermicompost. impact assessed terms C/N ratio; bacterial, fungal, nematode counts; activity. It found that increased ratio 21 32, as well content nitrate 78 134 mg kg −1 , ammonium 14 139...

The fungus Phlebiopsis gigantea has been used in Europe as a biological agent for the control of conifer root and butt (caused by Heterobasidion annosum ) nearly 40 years. P. competes with H. woody resource within stumps, is applied to stump surfaces at felling. Three distinct products based on have developed: PG Suspension UK, IBL Poland Rotstop Finland. formulations are oidia, which maintained sucrose suspension, sawdust, or wettable powder, respectively. pine while equally effective...

Their hyphal structure, the common events of hybridization and horizontal gene transfer, as well intimate associations with prokaryotes (including endobiotic bacteria) cooperation eukaryotes have made fungi very flexible at genetic, physiological, ecological levels. It is manifested fungal ability to perfectly exploit existing nutrient sources plastically fit into a changing environment. Although links between other ecosystem components are rarely clearly visible unambiguous, can be buffers...

This paper describes the specifics of forests on former farmlands in Poland and their protection as well preventive measures taken. The review refers to polish literature threat by root rot caused Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. pine spruce plantations established post-agricultural lands an area more than 1400 000 ha. In Europe, latter presents outstanding example only one its kind operation towards increasing forest cover both at a country continent level. Currently, economic problems...

Abstract Drought in the forest is not only a prolonged state of water shortage, but also an occasion where interactions between plants and fungi are affected. Water efficiency accelerates range pathologies organisms, influencing ecosystems their interacting biological components. This study focuses on role mycorrhizal endophyte alleviating effects soil impact altered activity during drought health trees. The issues presented here show fundamental mycelium mechanism transport to plant course...

<em>Thelephora terrestris</em> (Erhr.) Fr. is a very common ectomycorrhizal symbiont (ECM) in conifer trees, however the role of this ubiquitous fungus nurseries and Scots pine plantations still unknown. It described as tolerant high nitrogen availability therefore was taken into consideration an important ECM partner seedlings, particularly after replanting on post agricultural land. In laboratory seedlings (<em>Pinus sylvestris</em> L.) were inoculated with...

Abstract The research areas were located in the Pisz Forest District, northeast Poland, 10‐year‐old Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) plantations, established 2004 on a clear‐cut area. Reforestation was performed without biological treatment against root pathogens, despite presence of Heterobasidion annosum and Armillaria ostoyae roots stumps trees growing previously. aim this to evaluate how thinning with control agent Rotstop influences bacterial fungal communities within stumps. Twelve...

Abstract The activity of cellulase, peroxidase, phosphatase and dehydrogenase enzymes, together with the content protocatechuic vanillic acids, in samples Norway spruce wood inoculated 17 different isolates Phlebiopsis gigantea was measured. same were used to compare decay after incubation for 3 6 months. Significant differences enzyme phenol production found between aerial mycelium overgrowing sample underlying wood. These indicated that nature fungal appears change depending on whether it...

The aim of this research was to evaluate the amount woody debris (m3/ha) on forest floor and associated wood-colonizing fungi. study performed in Taborz region, known for its Scots pine provenance experiments, against background a recently launched Polish legislation protect biodiversity managed (harvested) stands. We investigated stand (136-years-old) reserve 'Sosna Taborska' (261-years-old). In stand, mean volume six times higher than forests, i.e. 65 versus 11 m3/ha. addition, number...

A variety of elements in nature, from a pine cone’s bracts to spiral galaxy, are described by unique mathematical relationship Fibonacci as adhering the “golden ratio”. In forest management, various models used achieve balance between use and conservation that meets societal expectations both ecological economic terms. Central European countries, where management has been subordinated timber industry, such transition is still progress, people continue look for an acceptable management. The...

In many spruce stands, trees are frequently attacked by the pathogen Heterobasidion parviporum, albeit without visible symptoms in crown. present work, results of presence stem rot, assessed PICUS Sonic Tomography, and fungal biota on stumps eight plots Puszcza Borecka Forest described. The were located stands original forest soil (4) post-agricultural (4), where around a stump with H. parviporum (signs internal rot basidiocarps), 30 selected examined for rot. Wood samples collected from two...

This paper presents the results of mycological studies soils left barren for 15,6 and 3 years before after addition pine sawdust. Considerable differences in thc species composition fungi communities were found related both to type soil (period lying barren) treatment. Before treatment was dominated by such as <i>Paecilomyces lilacinus, P. marquandi, Apiospora montagnei, Pseudogumnnnoscus roseus, Penicillium janczewskii, jensenii</i>, while a year following sawdust...

This review aims to identify possible causes of differing effectiveness artificial biological control Heterobasidion root rot by the saprotrophic fungus Phlebiopsis gigantea. We describe published information in terms pathogen–competitor relationships and impact environmental genetic factors. also revisit data from original research performed recent years at Forest Research Institute Poland. hypothesized that, many cases, competition roots stumps coniferous trees between necrotrophic spp....

Sawdust and wood residues are considered to be stimulators of microbiological change in soil could used post-arable sites designed for afforestation. In this study, we discuss changes bacteria numbers within selected groups relation type (arable forest) method sawdust application. was spread along planting rows mixed with the or put directly under roots planted seedlings. Applying increased number cellulolytic all experimental treatments. On soil, adding copiotrophic reduced fluorescent...

Summary Artificial inoculation of stumps with Phlebiopsis gigantea (preparation‘PgIBL’) against Heterobasidion annosum in Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris ) stands on former agricultural lands Poland is being performed throughout the year. The practical efficiency biological control appears to be influenced by moisture content and roots. In experiment 1, dry weight loss wood 3 months 6 after P. laboratory was investigated salvage cutting (felling dead dying trees) thinning (routine compared...

Initial experiment was made in order to test wood-decomposing fungus <em>Phlebiopsis gigantea</em> for enzymatic activity. Laccase, peroxidase, cellulase, phosphatase, dehydrogenase were marked using different methods P. gigantea isolates growing on Scots pine wood.