Descriptions of phase separation in condensed matter have so far been classified into a solid model (model B) and fluid H). In the former diffusion is only transport process, while latter material can be transported by both hydrodynamic flow. It has recently found that addition to these well-known models new separation, `viscoelastic model', required describe phase-separation behaviour dynamically asymmetric mixture, which composed fast slow components. Such `dynamic asymmetry' induced...

Crystallization is one of the most fundamental nonequilibrium phenomena universal to a variety materials. It has so far been assumed that supercooled liquid in "homogeneous disordered state" before crystallization. Contrary this common belief, we reveal colloidal actually not homogeneous, but transient medium-range structural order. We find nucleation preferentially takes place regions high order via wetting effects, which reduce crystal-liquid interfacial energy significantly and thus...

A link between structural ordering and slow dynamics has recently attracted much attention from the context of origin glassy dynamics. Candidates for such order are icosahedral, exotic amorphous, crystal-like. Each type is linked to a different scenario glass transition. Here we experimentally access local in polydisperse hard spheres by particle-level confocal microscopy. We identify key structures as icosahedral FCC-like order, both statistically associated with particles. However, when...

Despite its fundamental and technological importance, a microscopic understanding of the crystallization process is still elusive. By computer simulations hard-sphere model we reveal mechanism by which thermal fluctuations drive transition from supercooled liquid state to crystal state. In particular show that in bond orientational order trigger nucleation process, contrary common belief initiated density fluctuations. Moreover, analysis shows these not only act as seeds but also i)...

We develop a new simulation method of colloidal suspensions, which we call "fluid particle dynamics" (FPD) method. This FPD method, treats colloid as fluid particle, removes the difficulties stemming from solid-fluid boundary condition in treatment hydrodynamic interactions between particles. The importance interparticle aggregation process particles is demonstrated an example. can be applied to wide range problems science.

Two types of isotropic disordered nonergodic states exist in colloidal suspensions: glasses and gels. The difference between the two is that nonergodicity, or elasticity, gel stems from existence a percolated network, while glass caging effects. Despite this clear origin it not straightforward to distinguish manner. Taking Laponite suspension as an explicit example, we propose general phase diagram for charged systems. It follows transition state can be induced by changing interparticle...

We present a general view of liquid-liquid phase transition, based on simple physical picture that there is "cooperative medium-range bond ordering" for any liquids. Contrary to the common belief, we argue liquid not homogeneous and in exist locally favored structures, which are frustrated with normal-liquid structures. The cooperative excitation structures leads gas-liquid-like critical point ordering. This naturally conclusion transition specific special materials, but can principle Our...

A glassy state of matter results if crystallization is avoided upon cooling or increasing density. However, the physical factors controlling ease vitrification and nature glass transition remain elusive. Using numerical simulations polydisperse hard disks, we find a direct relation between medium-range crystalline ordering slow dynamics which characterizes transition. This suggests an intriguing scenario that strength frustration controls both Vitrification may be process hidden under...

Solutions of the synthetic clay Laponite are strongly viscoelastic, even at very low particle concentrations. The formation a gel, evidenced by existence fractal network, has been invok...

Structure of both positive- and nCc:gative-parily slates in 12C is studied with a microscopic :l u-parlicle model. The c.m. motions 3 a-clusters are treated by the generator coordinate method. All levels T=O below 15 MeV (except 1:0.7 r+ level) suc­ cessfully reproclucecl, including famous o,+ level next positive-parity which regarded as :o,+. Another 2', :l1+ two 4+ stales have structure quite similar to that O, ,_ :0, + preclictecl large K-rnixings. Furthermore pre­ sent investigation...

We demonstrate here the possibility that strong dynamic asymmetry between two components of a fluid mixture generally leads to unusual phase separation (``viscoelastic separation''), which does not belong conventional classification separation. In addition polymer solutions, mixture, one whose is close its glass transition, transiently exhibits morphology peculiar viscoelastic separation, namely, spongelike continuous pattern minority phase. This likely universal elastic and in dynamically...

Here we demonstrate the first evidence that phase separation in polymer solutions could be essentially different from binary liquid systems. This difference is likely to originate strong asymmetry molecular dynamics between two separated phases. When rheological time of polymer-rich slower than deformation time, stress field can strongly coupled with concentration diffusion and coarsening dominated by viscoelastic effect. causes mechanically pattern evolution. The dynamic symmetry should...

We study the aging of a colloidal glass, which is obtained for extremely low volume fractions due to strong electrostatic repulsions, leading formation "Wigner glass". During aging, new crossover between complete and incomplete decay correlation function observed, accompanied by an increase in non-ergodicity parameter. The dynamics can be described as cage-diffusion process. For short times, escape particles from "cages" formed neighbouring dominates; long times cannot anymore system becomes...

We propose a simple two-state model of water to explain the unusual thermodynamic and dynamic behavior liquid water. Our is based on physical picture that there exist two competing orderings in water, namely, density ordering bond ordering. Short-range leads formation rather stable locally favored structure (in ground state) sea disordered normal-liquid structures an excited state). Its fraction increases with decreasing temperature, obeying Boltzmann factor. The concept “symmetry (or...

Contrary to the conventional wisdom that there is only one unique liquid state for any material, recent evidence suggests can be more than two states even a single-component substance. The transition between these called liquid-liquid phase transition. We report detailed experimental investigation on kinetics of continuous spinodal-decomposition-type transformation into another triphenyl phosphite. From analysis linear regime, we found correlation length, xi, fluctuations relevant order...