Abstract Soil erosion is a key threat to ecosystem services. This study assesses the cost‐effectiveness of control measures based on an services approach. The economic appraisal consists assessment (i.e. quantification and valuation) on‐site off‐site impacts soil erosion, its mitigation, Many result in negative financial returns. explains why farmers are generally reluctant implement without compensation. Based described this study, tramline management, mulching, buffer strips, high‐density...

There are several conceptual definitions of resilience pertaining to environmental systems and, even if is clearly defined in a particular context, it challenging quantify. We identify four characteristics the response system function disturbance that relate "resilience": (1) degree return reference level; (2) time taken reach new quasi-stable state; (3) rate (i.e. gradient) at which reaches (4) cumulative magnitude area under curve) before state reached. develop metrics quantify these based...

When dry soils are rewetted a pulse of CO2 is invariably released, and whilst this phenomenon has been studied for decades, the precise origins remain obscure. We postulate that it could be chemical (i.e. via abiotic pathways), biochemical (via free enzymes) or biological intact cells) origin. To elucidate relative contributions pathways, were either sterilised (double autoclaving) treated with solutions inhibitors (15% trichloroacetic acid 1% silver nitrate) targeting different modes. The...

The inherent heterogeneity of many geophysical systems often gives rise to fast and slow pathways water chemical movement, one approach model solute transport through such media is the continuous time random walk (CTRW). One special asymptotic case CTRW fractional advection‐dispersion equation (FADE), which has proven be a promising alternative anomalous dispersion been increasingly used in hydrology both surface subsurface water. Most practical problems have complicated initial boundary...

Abstract Soil erosion on arable land in lowland Britain has been the subject of field‐based surveys, which have assessed volumes or masses soil transported channels across farmers’ fields. These surveys provide a unique database extent, frequency and rates loss by water. This study synthesizes key findings from those underscores implications for modelling. Rill occurs small number fields (consistently <10%). Over ~5 yr, considerable proportion farmed landscape will suffer rill erosion,...

A proof-of-concept environmental indicator framework designed to monitor soil health and its capacity deliver key ecosystem services was developed for England. The addressed trade-offs inherent in managing soils diverse, often conflicting outcomes, such as climate regulation, food production, water below-ground biodiversity. By integrating these into a unified system, the enables assessment of at granular scale while contextualizing results across broader land uses.Key properties critical...

Abstract There are a variety of buffering features within the landscape that can be used to trap sediment and associated contaminants such as phosphorus (P), thereby helping reduce P delivery watercourses. Astroturf mats ( n = 136) were placed contrasting buffer at nine sites [mid‐field hedges (two sites), edge‐of‐field grass strips (six sites) channel wetlands (one site)] River Parrett basin in England. Sediment was recorded on seven during 18‐month sampling period. At other two either...

This paper presents a lattice Boltzmann method for the advection and dispersion of solute in three‐dimensional variably saturated porous media. The proposed is based on BGK model discretizes particle velocity space with cuboid which particles move 19 directions 7 speeds. In directionally dependent relaxation time introduced to produce second‐order tensor, modification equilibrium distribution functions given media where volumetric water content varies over time. concentration calculated from...

Abstract Many models of phosphorus (P) transfer at the catchment scale rely on input from generic databases including, amongst others, soil and land use maps. Spatially detailed geochemical data sets have potential to improve accuracy parameters catchment‐scale nutrient models. Furthermore, they enable assessment utility available, spatial for modeling prediction status scale. This study aims quantify unique joint contribution sediment properties, cover, point‐source emissions variation P...

Abstract Soil degradation, specifically soil compaction and erosion can have significant impacts in some parts of England. The southwest England is particularly vulnerable to due the region's erodible soils. This paper discusses degradation problems, policies addressing these problems stakeholders involved Parrett Axe catchments. Key informants, including farmers, farm advisors policy makers, were interviewed on their perceptions mitigation measures, effectiveness agricultural encourage...

Factors governing the turnover of organic matter (OM) added to soils, including substrate quality, climate, environment and biology, are well known, but their relative importance has been difficult ascertain due interconnected nature soil system. This made inclusion in mechanistic models OM or nutrient cycling despite potential power these unravel complex interactions. Using high temporal-resolution respirometery (6 min measurement intervals), we monitored respiratory response 67 soils...

A series of preferential flow experiments were conducted to investigate the temporal and spatial variability in a large block (5.4 by 3.4 1.2 m) undisturbed soil (Dystric Eutrocrept) situated mid-Devon, UK. Chloride nitrate tracers applied using rainfall sprinklers water was sampled continuously 54 ceramic suction samplers installed throughout block. Two main types breakthrough curve occurred, rapid response with high peak concentration slower lower concentration. Analysis patterns these...

Abstract Soils need to be resilient deliver the functions required of them when subjected perturbations within context short‐ and long‐term environmental change. A better understanding basis resilience will likely underpin improved management poorer soils enhance their resilience, as well allowing effective all in longer term. In this study, was defined resistance (degree change) coupled with recovery (rate extent subsequent recovery) from a disturbance. Modelling factors that drive...

Advances in quantifying the spatial variability of soil properties made for agricultural soils are not being mirrored naturally structured upland soils. The objectives this study were to determine degree and variance structure cation exchange chemistry a granitic, heather moorland site (Northeast Scotland). Two 20 by m plots, Typic Placaquod Humaquept, sampled at O B horizon depths 104 locations regular grid overlayed with cluster (Placaquod) transects (Humaquept) patterns. Soils analyzed pH...

Quantifying the amount and distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) within natural soils is important for sample design, C budgeting/pool estimation, understanding SOC turnover at a process level. We examined across typical UK upland, moorland catchment to establish spatial structure variability in key properties affecting stocks, namely O horizon content, bulk density (D B ) depth. Organic horizons Histosols Gleysols had greater contents but smaller densities than Podzols Leptosols....

Abstract. Soil condition or quality determines its ability to deliver a range of functions that support ecosystem services, human health and wellbeing. The increasing policy imperative implement successful soil monitoring programmes has resulted in the demand for reliable indicators (SQIs) physical, biological chemical properties. selection these needs ensure they are sensitive responsive pressure change, e.g. change across space time relation natural perturbations land management practices....

The study data draws on the drainage design for Hammam agricultural project (HAP) and Eshkeda (EAP), located in south of Libya, north Sahara Desert. results this are applicable to other arid areas. This aims improve prediction saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) enhance efficacy system data-poor Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) were developed estimate Ksat compared with empirical regression-type Pedotransfer Function (PTF) equations. Subsequently, ANNs PTFs estimated values used EnDrain...