The secondary electron emission coefficient γ of a MgO protective layer with various crystallinities has been successfully measured by the γ-focused ion beam system complete elimination charge accumulation problem scanning-area adjustment techniques. It is found that (111) surface highest from 0.14 to 0.26 in comparison other films (200) and (220) for operating Ne + ions, while ranged 0.03 0.24 Ar under energies 50 eV 500 throughout this experiment. These observations explain why...

Atmospheric-plasma generation inside a glass tube is influenced by gas stream behavior as described the Reynolds number (Rn). In experiments with He, Ne, and Ar, plasma column length increases an increase in flow rate under laminar characterized Rn < 2000. The of decreases transition region 2000 4000. For turbulent beyond > 4000, short front electrode, eventually leading to shutdown.

The work functions φω of MgO single crystals with its respective orientation (111), (200), and (220) have been investigated from their ion-induced secondary electron emission coefficient γ, respectively, using various ions different ionization energies in a γ-focused ion beam system. function for crystal (111) has the lowest value, 4.22 eV, whereas it is 4.94 eV (200) highest value 5.07 (220). These can explain nonzero values γ Xe+ ions, whose energy 12.13 eV.

We report a novel zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle with antioxidant properties, prepared by immobilizing the 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid (caffeic acid, CA) on surfaces of micro-dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma-treated ZnO nanoparticles. The microstructure and physical properties ZnO@CA nanoparticles were characterized field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission (TEM), infrared spectroscopy, steady state spectroscopic methods. activity was evaluated...

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising alternative to conventional cancer treatment methods. Nonetheless, improvement of in vivo light penetration and cell-targeting efficiency remain major challenges clinical photodynamic therapy. This study aimed develop multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles conjugated with photosensitizer (PS) cancer-targeting molecules via simple surface modification process for PDT. To selectively target cells PDT functionality, core (Fe₃O₄) were covalently bound...

The efficiency of simultaneous treatment the cold atmospheric pressure plasma jet (CAP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was investigated. A CAP with a thin long plume generated Ar gas applied to common oral bacterium, Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). bactericidal evaluated electron microscopy colony forming unit (CFU) assay. underlying mechanisms were studied by measuring extracellular chemical changes in water solution biological responses such as trans-membrane potential, intracellular...

Plasma-jet systems and plasma devices of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) are introduced for biomedical applications. To achieve the purpose being safe user friendly, these have been developed to avoid electric shock thermal damage. These types equipment operate with a sinusoidal voltage kilovolts at low frequency several tens kilohertz. The jets specific ground-electrode structures according various gases in use, such as inert gases, molecular or mixture air. Ar-plasma jet external ground...

A syringe needle assembled with a glass tube has been used as plasma jet device for biomedical applications. According to the various types of ground electrode installed at tube, argon from an atmospheric pressure discharge investigated dc-ac inverter several tens kilohertz. When is absent or floated, length about 10 mm ignition voltage 3 kV, and it extends further few millimeters increases 5 kV. If inserted inside end all current sunk directly so that plume cannot emit out tube. For case...

The secondary electron emission coefficient γ of different MgO single crystal has been measured by γ-focused ion beam system. It is found that the with (111) orientation highest from 0.08 up to 0.21, while 0.06 0.19 for (200) and 0.05 0.15 (220) operating Ne+ ions ranging 50 300 eV throughout this experiment. also these observations can be explained work functions, which are dependent on orientations MgO.

A plasma pad that can be attached to human skin was developed for aesthetic and dermatological treatment. polyimide film used the dielectric layer of flexible pad, high-voltage ground electrodes were placed on surface. Medical gauze covered facing act as a spacer; thus, floated between electrodes. In vitro in vivo biocompatibility tests showed no cytotoxicity normal cells irritation mouse skin. Antibacterial activity shown against Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates methicillin-resistant...

Striations observed in a coplanar or wedge-shaped planar ac-type discharges are reported this article. The data indicate that the striations related to ion charge waves of wall generated by self-sustained perturbations originate from force balance between and electron wall-charge clouds accumulated on dielectric layers over metal electrodes.

Effects of reactive oxygen species on the biological and optical properties <italic>Cordyceps pruinosa</italic> spores were studied. The decline in spore viability, antioxidative capacity, DNA content due to structural alteration cell wall.

Various theragnostic agents have been devised and developed as cancer treatments; however, existing are often limited by their specific functions complexities. Here, we report multifunctional magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles functionalized with chlorin e6 (Ce6) folic acid (FA) using a simple fabrication process to be used in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The effectiveness of cellular uptake Fe3O4-Ce6-FA (FCF NPs) its visualization well the anticancer activities were evaluated. mechanism cell...

Characteristic properties of backlight arraying electrodeless fluorescent lamps assembled with capacitive coupled electrode connector have been investigated in various frequencies a switching inverter. In the 17-in diagonal 12 driven by square pulses, efficiency 65/spl sim/70 lm/W and luminance 5000/spl sim/10 000 cd/m/sup 2/ achieved frequency range 40/spl sim/80 kHz where higher provides lower operating voltage 1.0/spl sim/2.0 kV.

A plasma jet without an electrical shock was generated through a Y-shaped tube in which voltages with opposite phases were applied to pair of tubes. The plume at the intersection had potential 60–90 V and high concentrations reactive species sufficient induce level lethality on gram-negative bacteria tissue mimic. selective epithelial-cell-containing mimic could be modulated using oxidant antioxidant chemicals, thereby leading possibility shock-reduced for biomedical applications.

From the characteristics of current and voltage, capacitive coupled external electrode fluorescent lamps are found to be similar cold cathode having ballast capacitors at both ends lamps. current-voltage characteristic for two types lamps, discharge mechanism is with respect process: initially a dark current, Townsend firing followed by normal glow. The slope magnitude have same values since gas species in identical. At discharge, lamp increases abruptly voltage about 1 kV. In glow region,...

The optical propagation observed along the positive column of external electrode fluorescent lamps is shown to be an electron plasma wave propagating with thermal speed (kTe∕m)1∕2. When luminance lamp 10000–20000cd∕m2, temperature and density in are determined kTe∼1.26–2.12eV no∼(1.28–1.69)×1017m−3, respectively.

We have generated an Ar plasma in a dense focus device with coaxial electrodes for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography and investigated emitted visible light electrooptical diagnostics. applied input voltage of 4.5 kV to the capacitor bank 1.53 ¿F, diode chamber has been filled gas 8-mtorr pressure. The inner surface cylindrical cathode attached by acetal insulator. Also, anode is made tin metal. If we assumed that focused regions satisfy local thermodynamic equilibrium conditions,...

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been adopted as a minimally invasive approach for the localized treatment of superficial tumors, representing an improvement in care cancer patients. To improve efficacy PDT, it is important to first select optimized nanocarrier and determine influence light parameters on photosensitizing agent. In particular, much more knowledge concerning importance fluence exposure time required gain better understanding photodynamic efficacy. present study, we synthesized...

In the field of drug delivery, a nebulizer is device used to convert liquid drugs into tiny airborne droplets, such as aerosol or mist form. These fine droplets are delivered patient’s lungs and airways then spread throughout body via blood vessels. Therefore, nebulization therapy highly-effective method compared with existing delivery methods. To enhance curative influence drug, this study suggests use new micro-porous mesh consisting controllable palladium–nickel (Pd–Ni) membrane filter,...

The objective of this study is the investigation dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) with solid plates and flexible polymer films. A high capacitance a constant small thickness responsible for discharge plasma current low operation voltage; here, thin polyimide film ensured capacitance, comparable to thick solid-plate alumina. In long-duration test dielectric-surface erosion, show resistance against erosions, while films are vulnerable etching by plasma-species chemical reaction....

The properties of capacitively coupled external electrode fluorescent lamps with the small outer diameter 2.6 mm, driven by square pulses from a switching inverter, have been investigated for lengths 1–5 cm. brightness is saturated at an length over 3 cm, which analyzed charge-voltage Lissajous figures.

We have investigated the spin-gap in high Tc superconductivity. obtain effective exchange integral presence of conduction ab-plane from interaction Usd, where electron–electron is mediated by localized spin flips. choose along c-axis superexchange-type interaction, Usdc. find conducting spin- ladder corresponding to structure superconductors.