We have tested the hypothesis that kinesin-1A (formerly KIF5A) is an anterograde motor for axonal neurofilaments. In cultured sympathetic neurons from knockout mice, we observed a 75% reduction in frequency of both and retrograde neurofilament movement. This transport defect could be rescued by kinesin-1A, with successively decreasing efficacy kinesin-1B kinesin-1C. wild-type neurons, headless mutants kinesin-1C inhibited movement dominant-negative manner. Because dynein thought to...

Strong geometrical frustration in magnets leads to exotic states such as spin liquids, supersolids, and complex magnetic textures. SrCu 2 (BO 3 ) , a spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet the archetypical Shastry–Sutherland lattice, exhibits rich spectrum of magnetization plateaus stripe-like textures applied fields. The structure these is still highly controversial due intrinsic complexity associated with competing length scales. We discover via magnetostriction magnetocaloric measurements...

We present magnetization and magnetostriction studies of ${\mathrm{LaCoO}}_{3}$ in magnetic fields approaching 100 T. In contrast with expectations from single-ion models, the data reveal two distinct first-order transitions well-defined plateaus. The at higher plateau is only about half saturation value expected for spin-1 ${\mathrm{Co}}^{3+}$ ions. These findings strongly suggest collective behavior induced by interactions between different electronic configurations propose a model that...

We have shown previously that neurofilaments and vimentin filaments expressed in nonneuronal cell lines can lengthen by joining ends a process known as "end-to-end annealing." To test if this also occurs for neurons, we transfected cultured rat cortical neurons with fluorescent neurofilament fusion proteins then used photoconversion or photoactivation strategies to create distinct populations of red green filaments. Within several hours observed the appearance chimeric consisting alternating...

BiCu(2)PO(6) is a frustrated two-leg spin-ladder compound with spin gap that can be closed magnetic field of approximately 20 T. This quantum phase transition and its related diagram as function temperature (H, T) are investigated up to 60 T by means specific heat, magnetocaloric effect, magnetization, magnetostriction measurements. In contrast other gapped magnets, undergoes series unexpected first- second-order transitions when an external applied along the crystallographic c axis. The...

It is demonstrated that neurofilament length and transport are regulated by a dynamic cycle of polymer severing end-to-end annealing. An enzymatic mechanism for neurofilaments involving N-terminal phosphorylation their constituent polypeptides proposed.

Disseminated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin is exceedingly rare in children. SCC occurs after immunodeficiency from immunosuppression organ transplant recipients or patients with HIV infection leukaemia, but has not been reported primary immunodeficiencies other than epidermodysplasia verruciformis. Interferon γ receptor 2 (IFNγR2) deficiency an immunodeficiency, conferring almost selective predisposition to mycobacterial diseases. A disseminated, cutaneous described that occurred...

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Type 2E/1F (CMT2E/1F) is a peripheral neuropathy caused by mutations in neurofilament protein L (NFL), which one of five subunit proteins that co-assemble to form neurofilaments vivo. Prior studies on cultured cells have shown CMT2E/1F disrupt assembly and lead aggregation, suggesting possible mechanism. However, electron microscopy axons nerve biopsies from patients has revealed accumulations polymers normal appearance no evidence aggregates. To reconcile these...

We reported previously that neurofilaments (NFs) of aged rats were highly packed in the axon and contained a smaller amount NF-M as compared with those young (Uchida et al. [1999] J. Neurosci. Res. 58:337-348). studied NFs mutant mouse, named Klotho, which displays prematurely symptoms resembling human aging. The transport axonal cytoskeletal proteins, including NFs, tubulin actin, was decreased at leading portion peak transported proteins Klotho during process premature nearest neighbor...

Myelinated axons are constricted at nodes of Ranvier. These constrictions important physiologically because they increase the speed saltatory nerve conduction, but also represent potential bottlenecks for movement axonally transported cargoes. One type cargo neurofilaments, which abundant space-filling cytoskeletal polymers that function to axon caliber. Neurofilaments move bidirectionally along axons, alternating between rapid movements and prolonged pauses. Strikingly, constriction is...

p34cdc2 kinase-phosphorylation sites in the microtubule (MT)-binding region of MAP4 were determined by peptide sequence phosphorylated MTB3, a fragment containing carboxy-terminal half human MAP4. In addition to two phosphopeptides Ser696 and Ser787 which previously indicated be vivo phosphorylation sites, novel phosphopeptides, Thr892 or Thr901 Thr917 as possible isolated, though only vitro phosphorylation. The role at Ser787, differently during cell cycle (Ookata et al., (1997)....

Neurofilament (NF), a major neuronal intermediate filament, is composed of three subunits, NF-L, NF-M, and NF-H. All subunits contain well conserved glutamate (E)-rich region called "E-segment" in the N terminus tail region. Although E-segments NF-L NF-M are phosphorylated by casein kinases, it has not been observed Using mass spectrometric analysis, we identified phosphorylation E-segment NF-H, prepared from rat spinal cords, at Ser-493 Ser-501 Ser-Pro sequences. The kinase was isolated...

We have investigated the movement of green fluorescent protein-tagged neurofilaments at distal ends growing axons by using time-lapse fluorescence imaging. The filaments moved in a rapid, infrequent, and asynchronous manner either an anterograde or retrograde direction (60% anterograde, 40% retrograde). Most entered growth cone most originated cone. In small number cases we were able to observe reverse direction, all these reversals occurred close conclude that neurofilament polymers are...

Abstract Autism is often associated with multiple developmental anomalies including asymmetric facial palsy. In order to establish the etiology of autism palsy, research into abnormalities peripheral nerves necessary. present study, investigate development cranial for use in an animal model autism, rat embryos were treated valproic acid (VPA) utero and their visualized by immunostaining. Treatment VPA after embryonic day 9 had a significant effect on fibers several nerves. Following...

Abstract We have made a detailed comparison of neurofilaments (NFs) in the axons sciatic nerves between young and aged rats. In rats, NF density was similar proximal distal nerve, but it became higher region nerve accordance with this morphological change, protein content decreased dramatically middle The ratio NF‐M to NF‐H rats lower than that at further nerve. analyzed transcription axonal transport proteins motor neurons spinal cord which are major constituents axons. Of transcripts...

Background The subcellular localization of membrane and secreted proteins is finely dynamically regulated through intracellular vesicular trafficking for permitting various biological processes. Drosophila Amyloid precursor protein like (APPL) Hikaru genki (HIG) are examples that show differential among several developmental stages. Methodology/Principal Findings During the study mechanisms APPL HIG, we isolated a novel mutant gene, CG1973, which named yata. This molecule interacted...

Negative differential resistance (NDR) was discovered in MX- and MMX-type iodide-bridged platinum complexes for the first time. The low of complex observed under large current cannot be explained only by Joule heat. intrinsic charge-ordering states are considered to play an important role NDR these compounds.

We have successfully demonstrated a significant fluorescence property in an organic crystal made of thiophene/phenylene co-oligomer called AC5. The showed no non radiative transition, meaning it has 100% internal fluorescent quantum efficiency. also high efficiency photoluminescence 23±1%. Furthermore, amplified spontaneous emission at threshold energy 21.3 µJ/cm2 and subsequently quite optical gain 52.3 cm-1. These features are attractive many areas the optics field such as light emitting...

目的: 痴呆に特異的なQOL指標である Dementia Quality of Life Instrument の日本語版を作成し, 信頼性・妥当性を検証した. 方法: 対象者は72名 (男性19名; 女性53名, 脳血管性痴呆66名; アルツハイマー型痴呆6名) でデイケアまたはデイサービスに通所し, 研究の承諾を得た痴呆高齢者である.面接調査は平成14年11月から平成15年1月までである. 結果: 日本語版DQoL (DQoL-Japanese version) は29項目から構成され, (1) 自尊感情, (2) 肯定的情動, (3) 否定的情動 (逆転項目), (4) 所属感, (5) 美的感覚の5つの下位尺度から構成される. 日本語版DQOLの下位尺度5項目の2週間後の再テストの相関係数は0.730~0.857 (p<0.05) であり, Cronbach's αは0.666~0.864であった. Geriatric Depression Scale の基準関連妥当性に関してもDQoLと同様の結果が得られ, 信頼性, 妥当性が検証された. 結論:...

Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I and a clinically isolated coagulase-negative strain, S. saprophyticus 10312, were found to have two fibronectin binding proteins, FnBPA FnBPB. While both staphylococci bound serum similar extent, significantly increased the phagocytic activity of macrophages against (by ca. 150%) but not saprophyticus. This enhancing effect was inhibited by an RGD sequence-containing peptide also anti-very late antigen 5 antibody. suggests that is mediated very expressed on...