Abstract Switch costs have been constantly found asymmetrical when switching between two tasks of unequal dominance. We used a combined Stroop-task-switching paradigm and recorded electroencephalographic (EEG) signals to explore the neural mechanism underlying phenomenon switch costs. The results revealed that fronto-central N2 component demonstrated greater negativity in word (cW) trials relative repeat (wW) both First P3 P3b components over parieto-central region exhibited positivity color...

Grit, as an important positive psychological quality, has rarely been studied for its role involved in the mechanism between stress and security. This article explores moderating mediating of grit relationship interpersonal security freshmen through two studies. In study 1, from several Chinese universities (N = 1,224) were recruited to complete a battery questionnaire, including assessments about stress, grit, The effect analysis showed that moderated Specifically, buffered negative effects...

In the field of cognitive control, dimensional overlap and pathway automaticity are generally believed to be critical for generation congruency effects. However, their specific roles in effects unclear. two experiments, with 4∶2 mapping design, we investigated this issue by examining training-related on (the Stroop interference effect Flanker Experiments 1 2, respectively) normally expressed as incongruent minus congruent difference subcomponents stimulus response interference). Experiment...

Background For optimal performance in conflict situations, adaptation (conflict detection and adjustment) is necessary. However, the neural dynamics of still unclear. Methods In present study, behavioral electroencephalography (EEG) data were recorded from seventeen healthy participants during a color-word Stroop task with novel look-to-do transition. Within this transition, looked at stimuli but no responses required 'look' trials; or made manual to 'do' trials. Results trials, amplitude...

Post-error slowing (PES) reflects efficient outcome monitoring, manifested as slower reaction time after errors. Cognitive control account assumes that PES depends on error information, whereas orienting posits it frequency. This raises the question how valence and frequency separably influence generation of PES. To address this issue, we varied probability observation errors (50/50 20/80, correct/error) "partner" committed by employing an observation-execution task investigated...

The Stroop effect is one of the most robust and well-studied phenomena in cognitive psychology neuroscience. However, little known about relationship between intrinsic brain activity individual differences this effect. In present study, we explored issue by examining whether resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) signals could predict healthy individuals. A partial correlation analysis was calculated to examine regional homogeneity (ReHo) size, while controlling for...

Conflicts between target and distraction can occur at the level of both stimulus response processing. However, neural oscillations underlying occurrence interference in different levels have not been understood well. Here, we reveal such a oscillation modulation by combining 4:2 mapping design (two targets are mapped into one key) with practice paradigm (pretest, practice, posttest) when healthy human participants were performing novel color-word flanker task. Response time (RT) results...

During the 2006 Shallow Water (SW06) experiment, simultaneous measurements were made of sound-speed field as a function range and depth associated with nonlinear internal waves acoustic propagation at frequencies 2-10 kHz over 1-km path. The measured by towed conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) chain to get high resolution. These coordinated so that could be interpolated onto path, allowing predictions their effects on acoustics. Using field, arrivals under influence are modeled compared...

The difference in family socioeconomic status (SES) is a common fact modern society. differentiation of SES will affect the development children, this phenomenon has attracted attention domestic and foreign researchers. discussion on relationship between children's academic achievement much community, but existing research results are inconsistent. Little related to whether influences parental involvement children’s literacy development. purpose quantitative study investigate including...

The incongruence between the target and distractor stimuli will trigger human behavioral conflicts. Specially, thesequential conflict contexts can induce an adaptation to in brain. However, cognitive andneural mechanisms of are not clear existing studies. To investigate neural oscillationcourses adaptation, we adopted a observation task recorded andelectroencephalographic (EEG) data from 15 healthy subjects when they were performing letter Flankertask. For EEG data, time-frequency analysis...

摘要: 主动性控制和反应性控制是认知控制研究的新视角。前者通过在反应前维持目标相关信息的表征来预防冲突, 后者在反应时重激活目标相关信息以解决冲突。个体能够在这两种认知控制间进行权衡从而形成最优反应。通过AX-CPT等实验范式, 辅以ERP、fMRI技术可分离两种认知控制, 并观察到认知控制相关的脑区在激活时间和强度上的差异。个体生理发展、认知因素(期望、流体智力、训练)、非认知因素(情绪、动机等)均能影响认知控制的权衡。未来的研究应多关注这一权衡的内在神经机制和认知机制, 并与传统认知控制研究相结合, 在理论和应用上取得更进一步的发展。

As a sequential modulation of conflict, congruency sequence effect indexes conflict-induced performance improvement, which is observed as reduced effects for trials after the incongruent than congruent trials. Although has been investigated widely in healthy humans, studies distributional characteristics across prototypical tasks are scarce. To investigate this issue, present study adopts between-subjects design to carry out three experiments, where subjects were separately informed perform...

Researchers have previously suggested a working memory (WM) account of spatial codes, and based on this suggestion, the present study carries out three experiments to investigate how task-relevant attribute representation (verbal or visual) in typical Simon task affects effect. Experiment 1 compared effect between between- within-category color conditions, which required subjects discriminate red blue stimuli (presumed be represented by verbal WM codes because it was easy fast name colors...

摘要: 在认知控制领域中, 色-词Stroop任务常被用于研究冲突加工的内在机制。本文首先简述色-词Stroop任务中的刺激冲突和反应冲突及研究这两类冲突常用的实验范式。然后介绍这两类冲突的神经动力学特征:事件相关电位研究显示, N450的波幅调整反映了大脑对冲突的监测, 持续电位(sustained potential, SP)的波幅调整反映了大脑对反应冲突的解决; 核磁共振成像研究显示, 前扣带回、背外侧前额叶分别在反应冲突的监测、认知控制的执行上扮演着重要的角色。文章最后针对目前研究范式存在的问题提出了改进方法和认知神经研究的新方向。

见图 1。在图 1(a)中, 屏幕中央呈现一系列包含字 母在内的数字刺激, 通常每秒钟呈现 10 个刺激, 被试的任务是在这些快速呈现的数字刺激中, 辨 别出按照先后顺序分别嵌入这些数字刺激中的两 个字母刺激, 这两个字母即目标刺激, 分别记作 T1 和 T2。研究者主要考察被试在正确识别 的 前提下, 对 T2 的识别正确率, 标记为"T2/T1", 相对于 的位置, 记作 lag, 即如果 之 间没有分心刺激, 那么 也被记作 lag1, 有一个 分心刺激为 lag2,以此类推。图 1

The conflict-driven adaptation in performance has been well documented the color-word naming Stroop task (Stroop, 1935).The interference on current trial is significantly reduced when following an