We discuss three varieties of affective dynamics (affective instability, emotional inertia, and differentiation). In each case, we suggest how these should be operationalized measured in daily life using time-intensive methods, like ecological momentary assessment or ambulatory assessment, recommend time-sensitive analyses that take into account not only the variability but also temporal dependency reports. Studies explore are associated with psychological disorders symptoms reviewed,...

People's reports of their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are used in many fields biomedical social science. When these states have been studied over time, researchers often observed an unpredicted puzzling decrease with repeated assessment. noted, this pattern has called "attenuation effect," suggesting that the effect is due to bias later reports. However, could also be consistent initial elevation bias. We present systematic, experimental investigations four field studies (study 1:

Conducting research on human relationships entails special challenges of design and analysis. Many important questions benefit from the study dyads families, studies in natural settings often involve longitudinal and/or clustered designs. In turn, power analyses for such require additional considerations, because multilevel statistical models (or structural equation modeling equivalents) are used to analyze data. Power calculations difficult task specifying hypothesized values a large number...

Although group membership has many privileges, members are expected to reciprocate those privileges. We tested whether in-group would be punished more harshly than out-group for marginal fairness norm violations within ultimatum game bargaining interactions. Participants considered monetary splits (of US$20) from and proposers, which ranged in proportion. Accepting an offer yielded the proposed payout; rejecting it caused each player earn nothing—a punishment of proposer at a personal cost....

Individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) often report experiencing several negative emotions simultaneously, an indicator of "undifferentiated" affect. The current study examined the relationship between undifferentiated affect and impulsivity. Participants a BPD (n = 67) or depressive (DD; n 38) diagnosis carried electronic diary for 28 days, reporting on impulsivity when randomly prompted (up to 6 times per day). Undifferentiated was quantified using momentary intraclass...

Within DSM-5, some diagnoses are now associated with a severity gradient based on the number of diagnostic criteria satisfied. Reasons for questioning validity this approach include implicit assumptions equal criterion and strict additivity combinations. To assess implications heterogeneity configurations grading, we examined association between all observed combinations DSM-5 alcohol use disorder endorsement, at each level endorsed, multiple measures among 22,177 past-year drinkers from...

Eiko Fried (this issue) outlines several ways in which factor and network models do not bear on the theories they purport to test. He argues, turn, that there is a major inferential gap between ...

Abstract Governmental agencies and the medical psychological professions are calling for a greater focus on negative mental health effects of climate change (CC). As first step, field needs measures to distinguish affective/emotional distress due CC from impairment that requires further scientific diagnostic attention may require treatment in future. To this end, we constructed scale , which distinguishes (spanning anger, anxiety, sadness) impairment. In four studies ( N = 1699), developed...

Abstract The benefits of close relationships for mental and physical health are well documented. One the mechanisms presumed to underlie these effects is social support, whereby others provide practical emotional assistance in times need. Although there no doubt that generalized perceptions support availability beneficial, research examining actual instances receipt has found unexpectedly mixed results. Receiving sometimes positive effects, but null or even negative common. In this article,...

Theories of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) suggest that interpersonal problems in BPD act as triggers for negative affect and, at the same time, are a possible result affective dysregulation. Therefore, we assessed relations between momentary (hostility, sadness, fear) and (rejection, disagreement) sample 80 51 depressed outpatients 6 time-points over 28 days. Data were analyzed using multivariate multi-level modeling to separate momentary-, day-, person-level effects. Results...

Cannabis and alcohol are the most commonly used (il)licit drugs world-wide. We compared effects of cannabis use on within-person changes in impulsivity, hostility positive affect at momentary daily levels, as they occurred life.

Objective Prescribed opioids for chronic pain management contribute significantly to the opioid crisis. There is a need understand real-world benefits that, despite risks, lead patients persist in use. Negative reinforcement models of addiction posit that individuals use substances reduce aversive states but have seldom been applied prescribed opioids. Using ecological momentary assessment, we examined reciprocal associations between and physical pain, which are prescribed, negative affect...

Research has repeatedly evidenced the structural validity of Five Factor Model (FFM), but questions remain about use its dimensions in clinical practice. Samuel and colleagues (2018) found therapists reported their clients had lower levels personality pathology compared to clients’ own self-reports when using unipolar PID-5 scale. The present study utilized same sample 54 client-therapist dyads examine bipolar FFM Rating Form (FFMRF). When comparing ratings expertly-rated healthy profile...

Objectives. This study examined the ways in which body mass index (BMI) percentile – an identified risk factor for overweight and cardiovascular disease adulthood develops from birth through early adolescence. In addition, we whether psychosocial factors, such as parenting style maternal depression, mediated link between socio‐economic status (SES) BMI growth. Design. Data were obtained phases 1–3 of National Institute Child Health Human Development (NICHD) Study Early Care Youth (SECCYD) a...

Abstract Findings from confederate paradigms predict that mimicry is an adaptive route to social connection for rejection‐sensitive individuals ( L akin, C hartrand, & A rkin, 2008). However, dyadic perspectives whether leads perceived depends on the rejection sensitivity RS ) of both partners in interaction. We investigated these predictions 50 college women who completed a cooperative task which members were matched or mismatched being dispositionally high low . used psycholinguistics...

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) diagnosis in the fifth edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Mental Disorders (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) contains a severity gradient based on number criteria endorsed, implicitly assuming are interchangeable. However, vary widely endorsement rates, implying differences latent associated with symptom (e.g., Lane, Steinley, & Sher, 2016) demonstrating not interchangeable (Lane 2015). We evaluated whether variation could be resolved by...

Substance use is highly prevalent in our society, and substance disorders are comorbid with most psychiatric disorders, including borderline personality disorder (BPD). Craving a fundamental feature of addiction disorder, yet the contexts which craving occurs associated still underresearched. We examined alcohol consumption sample 56 BPD individuals comparison group community drinkers (COM; n = 60) who carried electronic diaries for approximately 21 days. reported more than COM contexts....

Before people seek support for an issue, they must choose whom in their network to approach. Two prominent supporter-selection hypotheses are the attachment figure hypothesis and strong ties hypothesis, housed psychology sociology, respectively. People expected have a special preference figures also them more frequently than others. Despite widespread acceptance of these hypotheses, neither has ever been tested, we argue, with most appropriate methods claims. Moreover, no one tested whether...

Past studies identify Five Factor Model (FFM) domains that are characteristic of borderline personality disorder (BPD), including those associated with specific BPD symptoms, at a between-person level. The present study replicated these associations and extended past research by assessing whether the FFM explains within-person variance in manifestation momentary symptoms presence or absence close social contact (CSC). We measured CSC core negative affectivity, impulsivity, interpersonal...

Background The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule‐ IV ( AUDADIS ‐ ) ‐5 are diagnostic interviews used in major epidemiological other studies of alcohol use disorder AUD ). Much what we know regarding the prevalence United States is based upon this interview. However, past research meta‐analytic evidence suggest that differential operationalization criteria across instruments can lead to endorsement symptoms resulting diagnosis rates. In particular, employing...

Common factors are increasingly used to model the structure of psychopathology ("