Addresses three related, though not entirely congruent, aims. Seeks, first, to initiate moves towards a “normative theory” ‐ conceptual framework for the developing of social accounting by organizations. Second, aims inductively draw out best practice from range experiments, illustrated, in particular, reference two short cases Traidcraft plc and Exchange. Third, draws conclusions reached exploration first attempts identify any clear “social standards” or “generally acceptable principles”...

The article suggests that discord in Corporate Social Reporting (CSR) can be related to differing assumptions about (a) society, and (b) the role of CSR society/organisation relationship. It is then argued that, with this perspective, major trends seen built around views world recent developments subject focus upon concepts accountability social contract.

‘The history of madness is the power. Because it imagines power, both impotence and omnipotence. It requires power to control it. Threatening normal structures authority, insanity engaged in an endless dialogue—a monomaniacal monologue sometimes—about power’ . Roy Porter A Social History Madness: Stories Insane, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1987 p. 39 Charisma, charm, ability inspire, persuasiveness, breadth vision, willingness take risks, grandiose aspirations bold self-confidence—these...

In many areas of the world, groundwater resources are increasingly stressed, and unsustainable use has become common. Where existing mechanisms for governing ineffective or nonexistent, new ones need to be developed. Local level governance provides an intriguing alternative top-down models, with promise enabling management better match diversity physical social conditions in basins. One such example is emerging California, USA, where state law requires local agencies self-organize act...

Part 1 The background to Green reporting: the implications of current trends in awareness for accounting function - an introductory analysis. 2 future industry and commerce trade union movement profession pressure groups investor. 3 trends: environmental disclosures corporate annual reports Western Europe reporting issues United Kingdom companies management practice social audit investment. 4 further development developing systems some practical implications.

California water law has traditionally treated groundwater and surface as separate resources. The 2014 Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) broke with this tradition by requiring managers to avoid significant unreasonable adverse impacts beneficial uses of water. This paper considers the trajectory partial integration science, law, resource management policy. Drawing on legal analysis participatory workshops subject area experts, we describe challenges reconciling systems that grew...

High temperature aqueous electrolyte concentration cells with and without liquid junction are described. These were used to measure the ionization constant of water in 0.1, 0.25,0.5, and]1.0 mol/kg KCl solutions at temperatures 200 °C. Extrapolation infinite dilution yielded following functions for dependence log K w 0 thermodynamic parameters ionization: = −4046.16/T + 3.537 − 0.01323T; ΔG 77458.0 67.71T 0.253187T 2 J/mol; ΔH ΔS 67.71 0.5063T J/K mol; ΔC p −0.5063T mol.

The brief given me is to provide an overview of the ‘early days’ social (and environmental) reporting whilst also reflecting on intellectual contribution Rob Gray towards development field. One initial problem that presents itself here disclosure within medium corporate annual reports far from being a recent phenomenon, and can indeed be traced back beginning twentieth century. Clearly, notwithstanding his advanced years, was not around witness, or influence, these early developments!...

Abstract Most accounts of businesses and regulators depict adversarial relationships. In these accounts, typically seek to avoid or limit public regulation or, alternatively, distort it so serves private rather than ends. This article uses a study the environmental consulting industry explore different set relationships between regulation. These consultants generally work for for‐profit companies, they serve as regulatory intermediaries government. Those dual roles raise concerns that...

This Article investigates how the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, National Marine Fisheries courts are implementing Endangered Species Act’s prohibition on "adverse modification" of "critical habitat." That appears to be one environmental law’s most ambitious mandates, but its actual meaning effect contested. Using a database over 4,000 "biological opinions," interviews with agency staff, review judicial decisions considering adverse modification prohibition, assesses extent which...

Environmental laws often mandate specific environmental outcomes and require agencies to adopt plans designed achieve those outcomes. But because of pervasive uncertainties, are unsure whether their will succeed. That uncertainty creates important dilemmas; decision-makers must decide how balance risks plan failure against the costs possible over-regulation. This article explores evaluates legal responses dilemmas. I find that planning uncertainties recur throughout existing likely have...

Watershed scientists frequently describe urbanization as a primary cause of water quality degradation, and recent studies conclude that even in lightly-developed watersheds, often precludes attainment standards. This article considers legal responses to this pervasive problem. It explains why traditional measures have been ineffective, it evaluates several innovations piloted the northeastern United States potentially applicable across nation. Specifically, involve using impervious cover...