The compressed sensing (CS) paradigm unifies and compression of sparse signals in a simple linear measurement step. Reconstruction the signal from CS measurements relies on knowledge matrix used for sensing. Generation pseudo-random utilizing cryptographic key, offers natural method encrypting during CS. This based encryption has inherent advantage that occurs implicitly process - without requiring additional computation. Additionally, robustness recovery sensing, allows new form ldquorobust...

Several high-precision physics experiments are approaching a level of sensitivity at which the intrinsic quantum nature experimental apparatus is dominant source fluctuations limiting measurements. This limit embodied by Heisenberg uncertainty principle, prohibits arbitrarily precise simultaneous measurements two conjugate observables system but allows one-time single observable with any precision. The dynamical evolution immediately following measurement limits class that may be measured...

We discuss the prospects and challenges for implementing a quantum computer using superconducting electronics. It appears that Josephson junction devices operating at milli-Kelvin temperatures can achieve dephasing time of milliseconds, allowing coherent computations 10/sup 10/ or more steps. This figure merit is comparable to atomic systems currently being studied computation.

Wolf has recently shown that the spectrum of radiation from an extended source changes on propagation unless a certain scaling condition is obeyed by degree spectral coherence across source. For large class source-coherence functions, change may be such as to produce red shifts or blue lines. We have performed acoustic experiment with two small partially correlated sources and demonstrated Wolf's prediction frequency lines this mechanism.

Data hiding in media, including images, video, and audio, data files is currently of great interest both commercially, mainly for the protection copyrighted digital to government law enforcement context information system security covert communications. We present a technique inserting recovering "hidden" audio files. The phase chosen components host signal manipulated way that may be detected by receiver with proper "key". Without key, hidden undetectable, aurally via blind processing...

We investigate the effects of different levels delay (or latency) on coordination, pace and timing regularity musicians who are in remote locations—a situation encountered an interactive network performance. Two pairs performed two Mozart duets while isolated visually connected through microphones headphones. Different latency (0, 20, 40, 50, 80, 100, 120, 150, 200 ms) were introduced into performing environment (musicians heard themselves real time only other part...

The vacuum tunneling probe used in the scanning microscope represents a new class of nonreciprocal electromechanical transducers. Nonreciprocity implies reduced back action and consequently increased sensitivity over conventional, reciprocal A may reach quantum limit for measurement position macroscopic mechanical oscillator even with use non-quantum-limited amplifier. is enforced by momentum shot noise associated current.

We present a direct-to-digital capacitive sensor readout circuit that converts capacitance changes of element to the duty cycle square-wave oscillator, which, in turn, is converted digital output by counter. The resembles single-slope analog-to-digital converter structure. There are several advantages this scheme. First, due its simplicity and low number components, power consumption expected be significantly smaller than similar designs. Furthermore, linearization may achieved using an...

A system is proposed for detecting the effect of a weak classical force on macroscopic mechanical oscillator. The novel feature type ac bridge coupled to SQUID amplifier. detailed sensitivity calculation one excitation reported which shows what required reach standard quantum "limit." Another should make it "back-action evasion" device capable exceeding "limit".

We present a theoretical analysis, design, and experimental characterization of CMOS image sensor with pixel-level ΣΔ oversampling analog-to-digital conversion (ADC). The design employs five transistors per-pixel to implement charge-based ADC at each pixel. In the current dynamic regenerative latch comparator is divided into an input transistor, which contained within pixel, remaining structure shared among pixels column. A charge feedback digital-to-analog converter (DAC) implemented pixel...

The development of an Automated System for Asthma Monitoring (ADAM) is described. This consists a consumer electronics mobile platform running custom application. application acquires audio signal from external user-worn microphone connected to the device analog-to-digital converter (microphone input). processed determine presence or absence cough sounds. Symptom tallies and raw waveforms are recorded made easily accessible later review by healthcare provider. symptom detection algorithm...

The modal vibrational response of a flexible panel to an incident acoustic pressure wave is dependent on the direction arrival (DOA) wave. This work presents proof concept whereby vibration measurements flat panels made by structural sensors were used infer DOA In experiments reported here, rectangular with various material damping factors excited in anechoic space waves at angles between −90° and +90° horizontal plane. Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) computed from recorded...

The reliability of respiratory signal extraction methods from electrocardiogram (ECG) data is investigated. To provide a reference, breathing sensor using piezo-electric cable was designed and constructed. Two previously established methods, QRS amplitude modulation sinus arrhythmia (RSA), are adapted to include the PQRST complex ECG. In addition, third method, which we call ECG mean, proposed. results show that interval perform better than envelope methods. However, mean method performs similarly

A force-measuring system composed of a macroscopic harmonic oscillator, mechanical-electrical transducer, and linear amplifier is described the sensitivity calculated for "back-action evasion" mode operation. It shown that it possible to surpass standard limit with this device, specific requirements do so are given. These results may also apply quantum-limited thus give perform quantum-nondemolition measurements.

Symptom monitoring is a cornerstone of asthma self-management. Conventional methods symptom have fallen short in producing objective data and eliciting patients' consistent adherence, particularly teen patients. We recently developed an Automated Device for Asthma Monitoring (ADAM) using consumer mobile device as platform to facilitate continuous adolescents vivo.The objectives the study were evaluate validity spirometer data, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), existing measures...

We consider optimal formulations of spread spectrum watermark embedding where the common requirements watermarking, such as perceptual closeness watermarked image to cover and detectability in presence noise compression, are posed constraints while one metric pertaining these is optimized. propose an algorithmic framework for solving problems via a multistep feasibility approach that combines projections onto convex sets (POCS) based watermarking with bisection parameter search determining...

The development of sensitive, non-contact electric field sensors to measure weak bioelectric signals will be useful for the a number unobtrusive health sensors. In this paper we summarize our recent work on specific challenges in ECG First, considered design low noise sensor preamplifier. We have adapted circuit designs that incorporate double feedback loop cancel input transistor leakage current while providing stable operation, fast settling time and good frequency response without need...

The all-JJ logic family is a promising area and power efficient, scalable single flux quantum (SFQ) technology for application to exascale supercomputers. All-JJ superconductive based on superconductor-ferromagnet-superconductor (SFS) bistable JJ, enabling nanometer feature sizes in VLSI complexity systems. In this paper, mechanical analogy proposed describe the dynamic behavior of these JJs. Novel gates, such as TFF, DFF, OR, AND, NOT are presented here. circuits composed JJs, standard bias...

We consider the capabilities of tunneling probe scanning microscope as a displacement sensor distinguished from its better established application to surface imaging. Electromechanical transducers that operate on this principle can achieve very large gain and noise temperature equal minimum required by quantum mechanics for any linear amplifier. present two-port network representation transducer, including noise, allows us discuss differences between transducer more conventional...

We introduce a set theoretic framework for watermarking. Multiple requirements, such as watermark embedding strength, imperceptibility, robustness to benign signal processing, and fragility under malicious attacks are described constraint sets watermarked image is determined feasible solution satisfying these constraints. illustrate that several constraints can be formulated convex develop watermarking algorithm based on the method of projections onto sets. The allows flexible incorporation...

Noncontact, capacitive electrocardiogram (ECG) measurements are complicated by motion artifacts from the relative movement between ECG electrodes and subject. To compensate for such we propose to employ first second order gradiometer electrode designs. A MATLAB-based simulation tool enable assessment of different configurations placements on human subjects has been developed guide refinement Experimental sensitivity, artifact cancellation, common mode rejection various prototype designs were...

Non-contact biopotential sensing is an attractive measurement strategy for a number of health monitoring applications, primarily the ECG and EEG. In all such applications key technical challenge design low-noise trans-impedance preamplifier typically low-capacitance, high source impedance electrodes. this paper, we compare voltage charge amplifier designs in terms their common mode rejection ratio, noise performance, frequency response. Both types employ same operational-transconductance...

We have observed in experiments with a driven nonlinear electrical resonator that the fluctuations ``noisy precursor'' to period-doubling bifurcation are phase dependent and noise is deamplified one of phases. This classical effect analogous ``squeezing'' which normally refers deamplification quantum noise. Preceding ``noise rise'' similar Josephson-junction parametric amplifiers evolves ceases. phenomenon appear be related as successive stages development system presence