The southern Central Andes (29°S-39°S) is a key area for understanding the interplay between oceanic plate and continental its resulting surface expressions in subduction zone.  In this area, dip of changes from normal (~30° 33°S 35°S) south to flat (< 5° 29° 33°S) north. This region displays remarkable along- across- strike variations both tectonic seismic deformation patterns. context, relative...

The initiation of plate tectonics marks a pivotal moment in Earth's geological history, shaping its surface dynamics and influencing habitability. Despite significance, the mechanisms that triggered onset during early Earth remain subject active debate, with several may have existed prior to Plate (PT), might gradually evolved into or abruptly PT., e.g. crustal resurfacing, overturn, sagduction, plume induced subduction, formation reworked crust, damage boundary plutonic squishy lid regime....

  The Wilson Cycle describes the periodic nature of supercontinent formation through amalgamation and break-up continents. This cycle is driven by dynamic interaction between lithosphere mantle. To investigate role plate-mantle interactions during cycle, we have performed a series high-resolution, 2D global numerical simulations using ASPECT geodynamic code. We explicitly include continental with pressure- temperature-dependent visco-plastic rheology. models are conducted in...

Crustal thickening associated with orogenic growth elevates topography, causing the orographic enhancement of precipitation, which in turn facilitates local erosion and possibly intensifies localization deformation. The climate-tectonics-erosion feedback exists small orogens such as Southern Alps New Zealand Olympic Mountains Washington State, USA, may be even stronger under some circumstances active on margins large, high-elevation plateaus Himalayas, Tibetan Plateau, Central Andes. How...

Earth’s size and composition make it comparable to Venus but these planets exhibit contrasting surface expressions due their different tectonic regimes recycling processes. efficient of its the operation plate tectonics are facilitated by formation extensive global subduction networks. During Wilson Cycle, networks drive periods supercontinental breakup active tectonics. We hypothesize that on Earth is promoted presence water-rich continental sediments reduce lithospheric friction...

Abstract While temperature drop across the mantle's basal thermal boundary layer (TBL) is likely 1,000 K, anomaly of plumes believed to rise from that TBL only up a few hundred Kelvins. Reasons for discrepancy are still poorly understood and number causes have been proposed. Here, we use ASPECT software model lowermost mantle study their excess temperatures. We viscosity depends on depth with strong increase below lithosphere toward lower mantle, reaching about Pas above TBL, consistent...

Abstract The formation of the Central Andes dates back to ∼50 Ma, but its most pronounced episode, including growth Altiplano‐Puna Plateau and pulsatile tectonic shortening phases, occurred within last 25 Ma. reason for this evolution remains unexplained. Using geodynamic numerical modeling we infer that primary cause pulses is changing geometry subducted Nazca plate, particularly steepening mid‐mantle slab segment which results in a slowing down trench retreat subsequent increase advancing...

Seismic anisotropy, observed in the lowermost mantle near Large Low-Shear-Velocity Provinces (LLSVPs), is likely caused by strong deformation from flow interacting with these regions or plume formation. This study explores slab-induced generation thermochemical piles (LLSVPs) and resulting behavior using 3-D regional-scale convection models ASPECT, coupled fabric simulations ECOMAN. Various different LLSVP density viscosity were tested. The modeling of lattice preferred orientation...

Abstract The southern Central Andes (SCA, 27°–40°S) exhibit a complex deformation pattern that is influenced by multiple factors, including the present‐day dip angle of subducting oceanic Nazca plate and influence inherited heterogeneities in continental South American plate. This study employs data‐driven geodynamic workflow to assess role various forcing factors determining upper‐plate strain localization, both above flat slab steeper segment south. These include plate, mechanically weak...

Abstract Controls on the deformation pattern (shortening mode and tectonic style) of orogenic forelands during lithospheric shortening remain poorly understood. Here, we use high‐resolution 2D thermomechanical models to demonstrate that crustal thickness foreland significantly control in foreland. Pure‐shear occurs when crust is not thicker than or thick, but lithosphere thin (<70–80 km, as Puna case). Conversely, simple‐shear shortening, characterized by underthrusting beneath orogen,...

Abstract In an ocean-continent subduction zone, the assessment of lithospheric thermal state is essential to determine controls deformation within upper plate and dip angle subducting lithosphere. this study, we evaluate degree influence both configuration (i.e., thickness composition rock units) variations on field southern Central Andes (29°–39°S). Here, increases from subhorizontal (5°) north 33°S steep (~30°) in south. We derived 3D temperature heat flow distribution lithosphere...

Controls on the deformation pattern (shortening mode and tectonic style) of orogenic forelands during lithospheric shortening remain poorly understood. Here, we use high-resolution 2D thermomechanical models to demonstrate that crustal thickness foreland significantly control in foreland. Pure-shear occurs when crust is not thicker than or thick, but lithosphere thin (< 70-80 km, as Puna case). Conversely, simple-shear shortening, characterized by underthrusting beneath orogen, arises much...

<title>Abstract</title> Crustal thickening associated with orogenic growth increases topography, causing the orographic enhancement of precipitation, which in turn facilitates local erosion and possibly intensifies localization deformation. How these three processes—deformation, erosion—coordinate during remains unknown, whether tectonics or climate controls active orogens is much debated. Here, we present a new numerical model where tectonics, surface processes, precipitation are tightly...

The evolution of modern plate tectonics is described by the Wilson cycle, which portrays dynamics supercontinental cycle through interaction oceanic with continental over periods hundreds millions years. This characterized a phase supercontinent assembly and enhanced orogenic collision, followed fragmentation dispersal, as shown geological record. intrinsically linked to mantle convection subduction dynamics. While appears follow degree-2 style, mechanism responsible for still debated. We...

The Earth is the only planet in our Solar System with active plate tectonics. Answering questions such as why tectonics started on and which tectonic regime came before are fundamentally important for understanding evolution of early Earth. Currently, most popular answers (i) Earth, there was stagnant lid or plutonic-squishy-lid no minor contribution subduction; (ii) took over when initially high mantle temperature dropped by 100-200K due to secular cooling. In this work, we challenge both...

While temperature drop across the mantle's basal thermal boundary layer (TBL) is likely $>$1000 K, anomaly of plumes believed to rise from that TBL only up a few hundred Kelvins. Reasons for discrepancy are still poorly understood and number causes have been proposed. Here we use ASPECT software model lowermost mantle study their excess temperatures. We viscosity depends on depth with strong increase below lithosphere towards lower mantle, reaching about $10^{23}$ Pas above TBL, consistent...

Abstract The southern Central Andes (29°S-39°S) is a key area to better understand the mechanisms of non-collisional mountain building associated with changes in oceanic plate dip geometry and interaction between continental plates. orogen experienced an increase shortening during last 35 Ma which coeval southward migration flat subduction segment passage bathymetric anomaly known as Juan Fernandez Ridge. Based on data-driven geodynamic numerical modelling, we use present-day configuration...

The formation of the Central Andes dates back to ~50 Ma, but its most pronounced phase, including growth Altiplano-Puna Plateau and pulsatile tectonic shortening phases, occurred within last 25 Ma. reason for this evolution remains unexplained. Using geodynamic numerical modeling we infer that primary cause pulses is changing geometry subducted Nazca plate, particularly steepening mid-mantle slab segment which results in a slowing down trench retreat subsequent advancing South America plate....

In an ocean-continent subduction zone, the assessment of lithospheric thermal state is essential to determine controls deformation within upper plate and dip angle subducting lithosphere. this study, we evaluate degree influence both configuration variations on field southern Central Andes (29°–39°S). Here, increases from subhorizontal (5°) north 33°S, steep (~30°) in south. We derived 3D temperature heat flow distribution lithosphere considering conversion S wave tomography temperatures...

Earth and Space Science Open Archive This work has been accepted for publication in Tectonics. Version of RecordESSOAr is a venue early communication or feedback before peer review. Data may be preliminary. Learn more about preprints. preprintOpen AccessYou are viewing an older version [v1]Go to new versionControls the Foreland-Deformation Pattern Orogen-Foreland Shortening System: Constraints from High-Resolution Geodynamic ModelsAuthorsSibiaoLiuiDStephan V.SobolevAndrey Y.BabeykoMichaël...

The non-collisional subduction margin of South America is characterized by different geometries the zone and upper-plate tectono-magmatic provinces. localization deformation in southern Central Andes (29°S–39°S) has been attributed to numerous factors that combine properties subducting oceanic Nazca plate continental American plate. In this study, present-day configuration upper were integrated a data-driven geodynamic workflow assess their role determining strain within flat slab its...

The Sierras Pampeanas (29 - 35&amp;#176;S) located south of the Altiplano-Puna plateau above Chilean subduction zone, consist uplifted foreland basement blocks that are an expression eastward propagation compresive deformation. Their presence is one most enigmatic features Andes. formation these ranges considered end member thick-skinned deformation style, which involves sedimentary cover and crystalline basement. At 33&amp;#176;S, onset compression occurs at 22Ma, change between thin thick...

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;The Andean orogeny is a subduction-type orogeny, the oceanic Nazca Plate sinks under continental South American Plate. While subduction has been active since ~180 Ma, shortening of Andes initiated at ~50 Ma or less.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;In oceanic-continental system, absolute velocity overriding-plate (OP) largely controls style (stable, advancing, retreating), geometry slab (dipping angle, curvature)...