Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are being applied widely for data collection, especially to carry out the mission-critical tasks. Therefore, one of most challenging tasks sensors and is development energy efficient (EE) routing protocols. Comparing with flat protocols, more EE can be achieved in hierarchical In this paper, we propose an enhanced balanced network-integrated super-heterogeneous (E-BEENISH) protocol, by analyzing communication consumption clusters a large range levels...

In Internet of Things (IoT) applications with multihop networking, not only traditional energy efficiency but also many distinct features should be considered when designing routing protocols, including different security requirements, heterogeneity, and scalability. this article, an energy-efficient multilevel secure (EEMSR) protocol in IoT networks is proposed. Considering that clustering a reasonable solution conserving energy, cluster-based utilized to reduce the high communication...

This paper focuses on the design of maximum ratio transmission (MRT) precoding for multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) downlink transmission. Exiting block diagonalization (BD) studies MU-MIMO systems have high complexity, because transmitter matrices constructed by singular value decomposition (SVD) are successively calculated twice. The MRT scheme construct vectors aimed at each received antennas, respectively, so signals every antenna independent. More spatial diversity...

Industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoT) networks, as the application of (IoT) networks to modern industry, are growing rapidly with digital transformation accelerates. Mobile sensors widely adopted in monitoring key information massive IIoT an ad hoc fashion or retrofitting on existing infrastructure. Hence, owing characteristics scalability, unstable locations, and highly unstructured, achieving perfect prediction for mobile multisensor is a challenging problem. In this article, dynamic...

In the relay enhanced cellular network (REC), user terminals can flexibly select transmission routes to get service. This paper investigated effect of route selection schemes on system performance REC. Besides traditional based signal power and signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR), we evaluated effective spectral efficiency (SE) approach which takes into account feature multihop transmission. We compared these three through level simulation, is 3GPP LTE with 2-hop fixed nodes. The...

<p indent=0mm>In a solar radio observation system, the receiver, as an essential instrument, processes signal received by antenna with amplification, filtering, digitization, and so on, yields dynamic spectrum. However, amplitude–frequency inconsistencies of devices inside receiver may lead to distortion output. In particular, increases when broadband is processed high uncertainty appear. To solve this problem, in paper we present compensation method for flatness microwave observing system....

Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) that incorporate small cells save energy effectively because the have lower transmission and operational power consumptions. However, performance of HetNets depends heavily on reducing interference. In this paper, we investigated interference cancellation (IC) with aim developing a decorrelating receiver. We focused millimeter wave systems in which multiuser multiple-input multiple-output was utilized. began by suppressing multiple antennas mode means...

In this paper, we consider the performance of an amplify-and-forward relaying-based multiple-input multiple-output space–time-block-coded cooperative communication system. We propose efficient two-stage receiver design for a relay-assisted transmission scenario over frequency-selective channels. It is also demonstrated that able to achieve full diversity order system by incorporating linear processing techniques. With method, potential spatial and multipath can be obtained using...

A novel measurement‐based antenna‐height‐dependent statistical root‐mean‐square (RMS) delay spread model under indoor stair environment is proposed. In this model, the RMS described as a log‐normal random variable with parameters in both line‐of‐sight (LOS) and non‐LOS (NLOS) areas. The environmental independence of distribution shown first. Then, proposed are extracted using least‐squares maximum likelihood estimation. accuracy verified by extensive measured data, mean values compared those...

Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) can effectively increase system capacity and improve coverage throughput through flexible deployment. However, it also suffers critical challenges in rational user allocation resource due to the of base stations, users complex interference scenarios. To tackle these problems, we propose a multi-agent prioritized experience replay Dueling double deep Q network (MAPD3QN) algorithm ensuring users' quality service (QoS) HetNets by achieving optimal association...

Hybrid precoding has been recognized as promising and effective for practical 5G communication. It is generally challenging to obtain the sample deep learning-based hybrid due its need of massive vector channel matrix. To effectively solve this issue, a novel coordinated algorithm based on unsupervised learning graph attention networks (CHP-ULGAT) first developed by making full use underlying topology formed Subsequently, more realistic situation existing an ultra-low execution time...

By exploiting cyclostationarity of received signals at certain cycle frequency, i.e., evaluating the cyclic correlation or spectrum signal-selective time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) estimation algorithms which based on statistics are highly tolerant to interference and Gaussian noise. However, conventional cyclostationary TDOA methods second-order function will degenerate severely in impulsive In this paper, a new time delay algorithm fractional lower-order (FLOS) is proposed for...

Abstract In this paper, an optimal coordinated multipoint beamforming (CMBF) scheme is proposed for heterogeneous networks (HetNets) with massive multiple input output (MIMO) systems energy efficiency (EE), taking into account the maximum transmission power of base station (BS) limitation on consumption static circuit. This paper analyzes influence different parameters EE and derives a closed-form expression. We investigate cooperation schemes, considering number antennas small (SBS) macro...

Handover (HO) which can make user equipment (UE) communicate with the eNodeB (evolves NodeB) highest signal quality will have bad performance in high-speed railway scenario. In this paper, detailed introduction is made on Layer3 (L3) filtering theory to help solve problem. HO measurement and decision procedure based L3 are designed implemented a dynamic system level simulation platform modeling two kinds of radio channel environmentmountainous rural The Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)...

The millimeter-wave (mmwave) massive multiple input output (MIMO) system in beamspace can greatly reduce the number of radio frequency (RF) links through beam selection. However, limited RF make it very difficult to obtain high-dimensional space channel state information. Aiming at problems high complexity and low accuracy estimation mmwave MIMO system, a block support detection (BSD) algorithm based on sparsity is proposed. Specifically, an equivalent vector with obtained by recombining...