A5055392937- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Birth, Development, and Health
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Migration, Health and Trauma
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Biosimilars and Bioanalytical Methods
- Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Sex and Gender in Healthcare
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Skin Protection and Aging
- Cultural Differences and Values
- Physical Activity and Health
- Phytoestrogen effects and research
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Child Abuse and Trauma
Northwestern University
2020-2023
University of Chicago
2020-2021
Yale University
2014-2020
Time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is a strong predictor of cardiovascular health, yet few humans living industrialized societies meet current recommendations (150 min/week). Researchers have long suggested that human physiological requirements for aerobic exercise reflect an evolutionary shift to hunting and gathering foraging strategy, recent transition more sedentary lifestyles likely represents mismatch with our past terms activity. The goal this study explore by...
Background Strengthening the evidence base for humanitarian interventions that provide psychosocial support to war‐affected youth is a key priority. We tested impacts of an 8‐week programme structured activities informed by profound stress attunement ( PSA ) framework Advancing Adolescents ), delivered in group‐format 12–18 year‐olds communities heavily affected Syrian crisis. included both refugee and Jordanian youth. Methods followed experimental design, comparing treatment wait‐list...
BackgroundRecent reports have suggested that among individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2, a single mRNA vaccine dose is sufficient to elicit high levels of immunity.MethodsWe compared anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG antibody concentrations and antibody-mediated neutralization spike-angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) in vitro following vaccination non-hospitalized participants by sero-status acute virus diagnosis history. Participants were analysed before...
Understanding how gendered economic roles structure space use is critical to evolutionary models of foraging behaviour, social organization and cognition. Here, we examine hunter-gatherer spatial behaviour on a very large scale, using GPS devices worn by Hadza foragers record 2,078 person-days movement. Theory in movement ecology suggests that the density mobility targeted foods should predict strong gender differences arise context. As predicted, find men walked further per day, explored...
Life history theory predicts trade-offs between reproductive effort and maternal survivorship in energy-restricted environments. However, empirical evidence for the positive association mortality from energetically challenged human populations are mixed physiological mechanisms that may underlie this poorly understood. We hypothesized increases aerobic metabolism during repeated periods of pregnancy lactation result increased oxidative stress contribute to somatic deterioration,...
Abstract The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 engages the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor to enter host cells, and neutralizing antibodies are effective at blocking this interaction prevent infection. Widespread application important marker protective immunity is limited by logistical technical challenges associated with live virus methods venous blood collection. To address gap, we validated an immunoassay-based method for quantifying neutralization spike-ACE2 in a single...
Two-dose messenger RNA vaccines against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are highly effective in preventing symptomatic COVID-19 infection. However, durability of protection is not known, nor effectiveness emerging viral variants. Additionally, vaccine responses may differ based on prior SARS-CoV-2 exposure history. To investigate variants we measured binding and neutralizing antibody following both doses. We document significant declines levels three months...
We investigated whether the antibody response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccination is similar in women and men. In a community cohort without prior COVID-19, first vaccine dose produced higher immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels percent inhibition of spike-ACE2 receptor binding, surrogate measure virus neutralization, compared men (7.0 µg/mL, 51.6% vs 3.3 36.4%). After 2 doses, IgG remained significantly for (30.4 µg/mL) (20.6 µg/mL), while was (98.4% 97.7%). Sex-specific...
The relative performance of local and international assessment instruments is subject to ongoing discussion in transcultural research on mental health psychosocial support. We examined the construct external validity two instruments, one developed for use Afghanistan, other by World Health Organization resource-poor settings. used data collected 1003 Afghan adults (500 men, 503 women) randomly sampled at three sites Afghanistan. compared 22-item Symptom Checklist (ASCL), a...
Experiencing childhood adversity has been associated with significant changes in inflammation, cell-mediated immunocompetence, and cortisol secretion. Relatively few studies have examined, longitudinally, alterations to inflammatory processes during adolescence, especially outside Western contexts; none evaluated biomarker trajectories for at-risk youth response a structured behavioral intervention. We conducted randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of humanitarian intervention...
Abstract Serological testing for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies is used to assess their presence in blood samples from exposed individuals and provides a measure of the magnitude immune response infection. The measurement neutralizing (NAbs) particular information about severity prior infection level protective immunity against re-infection. Much work investigating association between NAb levels has been conducted among clinical populations, less known this relationship general population....
Background Understanding the immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination will enable accurate counseling and inform evolving strategies. Little is known about antibody following booster in people living with HIV (PLWH). Methods We enrolled SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated PLWH controls without similar proportions based on age comorbidities. Participants completed surveys prior infection, vaccination, comorbidities, provided self-collected dried blood...
Abstract Two-dose messenger RNA vaccines (BNT162b2/Pfizer and mRNA-1273/Moderna) against SARS-CoV-2 were rolled out in the US December 2020, provide protection hospitalization death from COVID-19 for at least six months. Breakthrough infections have increased with waning immunity spread of B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant summer 2021, prompting approval boosters all adults over 18. We measured anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG surrogate virus neutralization interaction between spike protein...
SARS-CoV-2 vaccines protect against symptomatic and severe COVID-19. The BNT162b2/Pfizer mRNA-1273/Moderna represent new vaccine technology relying on administration of mRNA encoding viral spike protein encased in lipid nanoparticles. are administered as two doses into muscle, which elicits a strong response, typically within 14 days after the second dose. Neuromuscular diseases characterized by progressive loss muscle often treated with chronic glucocorticoid steroids, both may contribute...
Abstract Objectives Life history theory predicts a trade‐off between female investment in reproduction and somatic maintenance, which can result accelerated senescence. Oxidative stress has been shown to be causal physiological mechanism for aging possible contributor this trade‐off. We aimed test the hypothesis existence of significant associations measures reproductive effort level oxidative biomarkers premenopausal postmenopausal American women. Methods Serum samples questionnaire data...
Biocultural research remains a challenge in the field of global mental health. We sought to test associations between blood pressure and idioms distress population survey.We drew on randomly selected sample 991 adults (498 men, 493 women) Afghanistan, for whom physiological psychosocial data were systematically collected. Assessment health (Self-Reported Questionnaire, Afghan Symptom Checklist) included conceptualizations related (fishar), anxiety, dysphoria, as well dimensions negative...
ABSTRACT Background The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 engages the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor to enter host cells, and neutralizing antibodies are effective at blocking this interaction prevent infection. Widespread application important marker protective immunity is limited by logistical technical challenges associated with live virus methods venous blood collection. To address gap, we validated an immunoassay-based method for quantifying neutralization spike-ACE2 in...
Abstract Background Confidence in natural immunity after infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is one reason for vaccine hesitancy. Methods We measured antibody-mediated neutralization of spike protein-ACE2 receptor binding a large community-based sample seropositive individuals who differed severity (N = 790). Results A total 39.8% infections were asymptomatic, 46.5% symptomatic no clinical care, 13.8% and 3.7% required hospitalization. Moderate/high neutralizing...
Healthcare workers, both globally and in Nigeria, have an increased risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with the general population due to higher contacts, including occupational exposures. In addition, primary healthcare workers represent important group estimating prior because they work at first point-of-contact most patients yet not been included COVID-19 seroepidemiology research Nigeria. We sought evaluate baseline seroprevalence, rates of seroconversion (IgG- IgG+) seroreversion...
Abstract Perceived facial attractiveness, a putative marker of high biological fitness, is costly to maintain throughout lifetime and may cause higher oxidative stress (OS). We investigated the association between features 97 postmenopausal women their levels OS biomarkers 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). In study 1, 966 judges rated composites (facial averages) with as more attractive, healthier,...
ABSTRACT Objective To compare anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG antibody concentrations and antibody-mediated neutralization of spike-ACE2 in vitro following vaccination non-hospitalized participants by sero-status acute virus diagnosis history. Methods Participants were studied before after mRNA a community-based, home-collected, longitudinal serosurvey; none reported hospitalization for COVID-19. Prior to vaccination, some prior positive viral diagnostic testing...
Abstract Objectives Oxidative stress is hypothesized to contribute age‐related somatic deterioration. Both reproductive and ecological context may necessitate tradeoffs that influence this outcome. We examined whether measures of lifetime effort were related levels oxidative biomarkers in peri‐ post‐menopausal women associations moderated by rural or urban residence. Methods surveyed 263 healthy (age 62.1 ± 10.0 SD) from (N = 161) Poland 102), collecting sociodemographic data urine samples...
Abstract We followed a fully-vaccinated (two mRNA vaccine doses) community cohort (n=41) without prior COVID-19 diagnosis from September 2021 through March 2022 the Omicron wave following booster vaccination. 19.5% of participants reported known SARS-CoV-2 infection during wave, which was confirmed by anti-nucleocapsid IgG. An additional 36.5% also developed IgG after boost, consistent with unknown, asymptomatic this period. Infection defined IgG, whether to participant or not, increased...