We study the symmetry energy (SE), an important quantity in nuclear physics, Witten-Sakai-Sugimoto model and a much simpler hard-wall of holographic QCD. The SE is contribution to nucleus due having unequal number neutrons protons. Using homogeneous Ansatz representing smeared instantons quantizing their isospin, we extract proton fraction assuming charge neutrality beta-equilibrium, using quantization isospin zeromode. also show equivalence between our method adapted from solitons usual way...

We consider the Witten-Sakai-Sugimoto model in approximation of smeared instantons at finite density via a homogeneous ansatz, which is known to be discontinuous order able contain nonvanishing baryon density. The discontinuity infrared tip bulk spacetime gives rise subtleties discarding boundary terms that are normally discarded literature. propose reason for this term, by scrutinizing currents and topological properties model. Along way, we find very effective simple condition compute...

We study the phase diagram of (large-${N}_{c}$) QCD using a simplistic holographic hard-wall model with dynamical scalar field and homogeneous Ansatz representing smeared instanton/baryon density. The resulting is qualitatively consistent expectations, including mesonic, baryonic, quarkyonic, quark-gluon plasma phase. As in other models, we also find baryonic popcorn transition, which appears at large chemical potential as crossover. then evaluate nuclear matter equation state, turns out to...

We study the effects of CP-breaking topological θ-term in large N c QCD model by Witten, Sakai and Sugimoto with f degenerate light flavors. first compute ground state energy density, susceptibility masses lowest lying mesons, finding agreement expectations from chiral effective action. Then, focusing on = 2 case, we consider baryonic sector determine, to leading order small θ regime, related holographic instantonic soliton solutions. find that while baryon spectrum does not receive $$...

A bstract We utilize the top-down holographic QCD model, Witten-Sakai-Sugimoto in a hybrid setting with SLy4, soft chiral EFT and stiff equations of state to describe neutron stars high precision. In particular, we employ calibration that bootstraps nuclear matter by fitting Kaluza-Klein scale ’t Hooft coupling such physical saturation density symmetry energy are achieved. obtain static stable star mass-radius data via Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkov yield sufficiently large maximal masses be...

We discuss how the quark masses and their mass splitting affect baryons in Skyrme model as well Witten-Sakai-Sugimoto (WSS) model. In both cases, are described by solitonic objects, i.e., Skyrmions instantons, respectively. After quantization of zero modes, nucleons become quantum states a rotor. show affects moment inertia we provide semianalytic approach valid small-mass limit. Additionally, two lightest quarks’ moments Skyrmion induces an isospin breaking effect. This effect turns out not...

We discuss nuclear physics in the Witten-Sakai-Sugimoto model, limit of large number ${N}_{c}$ colors and 't Hooft coupling, with addition a finite mass for quarks. Individual baryons are described by classical solitons whose size is much smaller than typical distance bound states; thus, we can use linear approximation to compute interaction potential provide natural description lightly states. find geometry states baryon numbers up $B=8$. The effect pion mass---induced quark via...

We compute the electric dipole moment of nucleons in large ${N}_{c}$ QCD model by Witten, Sakai, and Sugimoto with ${N}_{f}=2$ degenerate massive flavors. Baryons are instantonic solitons an effective five-dimensional action describing whole tower mesonic fields. find that electromagnetic form factor nucleons, induced a finite topological $\ensuremath{\theta}$ angle, exhibits complete vector meson dominance. able to evaluate contribution each final result---a small number modes relevant...

We derive the generalized Skyrme model as a low-energy effective of Sakai-Sugimoto model. The novelty with past is presence sextic term equal to topological charge squared. This appears when $\ensuremath{\omega}$ meson, and tower states on top it, are integrated out. claim that, in small 't Hooft coupling limit, instanton well described by Skyrmion arising from low energy Lagrangian plays dominant role this limit. Moreover, pion mass added, we recover BPS

Future offshore pipelines development moves towards challenging operating condition and deep/ultra-deep water applications. Understanding the failure mechanisms quantifying strength deformation capacity of pipelines, special components (buckle arrestors, wye, etc.) in-line structures (in-line sled, valve, tee, is a need, under installation operation loads, taking in account different geometrical characteristics mechanical behaviors. The objective this paper to present discuss recent FEM...

Unexploded charges e.g. mines, bombs, torpedoes, etc... are rarely identified at a very early stage of reconnaissance surveys for pipeline route corridors. These ordnances found during detailed pre-engineering or pre-lay and, sometimes and not surprisingly, the ordinary performed on in service. UXOs represent hazard as well assets people involved construction phase. An appropriate mitigation plan areas potentially affected is generally performed, including ordnance removal mined-area...

We study the symmetry energy (SE), an important quantity in nuclear physics, Witten-Sakai-Sugimoto model and a much simpler hard-wall of holographic QCD. The SE is contribution to nucleus due having unequal number neutrons protons. Using homogeneous Ansatz representing smeared instantons quantizing their isospin, we extract proton fraction assuming charge neutrality beta-equilibrium, using quantization isospin zeromode. also show equivalence between our method adapted from solitons usual way...

In the last thirty years attention of offshore pipeline industry has been strongly focused on submarine pipelines crossing harsh environments and subject to severe operating conditions temperature pressure. Pipeline structural integrity may be threaten by large free-spanning sections between rocky peaks deep depressions that coupled with propensity develop lateral/vertical deflection due service (high pressure/high temperature). For short flowlines, walking is an additional issue verified...

Offshore pipelines, located in areas with high/medium ship traffic, are exposed to threats such as dragged anchors, dropped objects, sinking ships, etc.. In the last years, there have been a few accidents where subsea pipelines or cables hooked and damaged by anchors. These incidents caused both emergency accidentally Two of most serious an anchor involved Trans Mediterranean gas 2008 Kvitebjørn pipeline North Sea 2007. The interaction mechanism between dragging on seafloor is affected...

Abstract In congested districts of offshore Oil & Gas Industry, merchant ship traffic, operations or fishing activity may interfere with pipelines in service, which rest exposed on the seabed. Despite shortcomings existing technology and knowledge, operators' concerns still emerge after yearly surveys that show new pipe damages from external mechanical interference, not to mention a few ruptures occurred last decade due anchor hooking! Therefore, question arises: do we know enough about...

In the last twenty years, experimental tests and FEM-based theoretical studies have been carried out to investigate buckling mechanisms of thin-walled pipes subject internal pressure, axial force bending moment. Unfortunately, these do not completely cover scope relevant for offshore pipelines i.e. outer diameter thickness ratio lower than 50. HotPipe Phase 2 JI Project, full-scale were performed on pressurized verify Finite Element Model predictions from 1 beneficial effect pressure...

In the recent years, offshore pipeline industry has been under pressure to provide solutions for demanding material and line pipe technology problems, installation safely tackle ultra-deep waters challenge, quantitative prediction of reliable operating lifetime pipelines high pressure/high temperature conditions remedial measures considerable geo-morphic human activity related hazards. Future are being planned in very difficult environments, i.e. crossing water geo-seismic-morphic...

In the last thirty years, attention of offshore pipeline industry has been strongly focused on submarine pipelines crossing very uneven seabed. New seabed Mediterranean Sea and North deep water continental slope Gulf Mexico are outstanding examples. Pipeline structural integrity may be threaten by large free-spanning sections between rocky peaks depressions that coupled with propensity to develop lateral/vertical deflection due severe service conditions (High Pressure/High Temperature)....

Coming and future Deep Ultra-Deep Water project developments involve the use of many Subsea Rigid Jumpers used to connect well heads, manifolds or riser base with Flowline End Terminations. Generally, are short flexible pipe sections assembled in a variety spatial configurations accommodate installation tolerances, Terminations translation settlement guaranteeing continuity flexibility needs subsea layout. These critical components as they subject fatigue damage due Vortex Induced Vibrations...

In the last two decades, reliability methods have been extensively used to calibrate rationally-based Load and Resistance Factored Design (LRFD) equations for design of offshore onshore pipelines. Several experimental theoretical studies carried out with aim assess strength deformation capacity induction bends, when buried subject severe extreme loading conditions such as ones caused by an earthquake crisis. criteria bends do not reflect R & D efforts recent years working stress in...

There is consensus on the need for in-service buckling analyses to assess integrity of both flowlines and long distance trunklines subject HP/HT service condition. The extent supporting survey depends severity application. In last two decades, pipeline industry has gained significant experience in design operation systems exposed global buckling. Actually, early 90s have been a watershed: before phenomenon was just known (theoretically), then it seen...as soon as management programmes...

In arctic pipeline projects, seismic risk and differential settlements are common, whether local or distributed across long stretches. For buried pipelines, hazards generally classified as wave propagation hazard (WP) permanent ground deformation (PGD) hazard. Below crossing of faults has been the real challenge in a series projects. STress Based Design (STBD) criteria used past. Application this method is straightforward simple linear elastic analysis required to calculate load effects...