A5009058936- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Climate change and permafrost
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Arctic and Russian Policy Studies
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Climate variability and models
- Indigenous Studies and Ecology
- Geological Studies and Exploration
- Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis
- Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Cruise Tourism Development and Management
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Scientific Research and Discoveries
- Global Energy and Sustainability Research
- Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research
- Marine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies
- Marine animal studies overview
- Freezing and Crystallization Processes
- Aquatic Invertebrate Ecology and Behavior
- Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies
- Historical and Cultural Archaeology Studies
- Regional Development and Policy
- Marine and environmental studies
Environment and Climate Change Canada
2016-2025
Cambridge University Press
2023
Uken (Canada)
2023
Government of Canada
2018-2021
Bureau of Meteorology
2020
Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées
2020
ETH Zurich
2020
Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research
2020
UNESCO
2020
World Meteorological Organization
2020
Abstract The ice arches that usually develop at the northern and southern ends of Nares Strait play an important role in modulating export Arctic Ocean multi-year sea ice. is evolving towards pack younger, thinner, more mobile fate its becoming increasing interest. Here, we use motion retrievals from Sentinel-1 imagery to report on recent behavior these associated fluxes. We show duration arch formation has decreased over past 20 years, while area volume fluxes along have both increased....
The limited availability of consistent, longitudinal data sources for marine traffic in Arctic Canada has presented significant challenges researchers, policy makers, and planners. Temporally spatially accurate shipping that reveal historical current trends are vital to plan safe corridors, develop infrastructure, manage protected areas, understand the potential environmental cultural impacts change, as well sovereignty safety considerations. This study uses a recently developed geospatial...
[1] The Canadian Ice Service Digital Archive (CISDA) is a compilation of weekly ice charts covering waters from the early 1960s to present. main sources uncertainty in database are reviewed and data validated for use climate studies before trends variability summer averaged sea cover investigated. These revealed that between 1968 2008, has decreased by 11.3% ± 2.6% decade−1 Hudson Bay, 2.9% 1.2% Arctic Archipelago (CAA), 8.9% 3.1% Baffin 5.2% 2.4% Beaufort Sea with no significant reductions...
Abstract Significant attention has focused on the potential for increased shipping activity driven by recently observed declines in Arctic sea ice cover. In this study, we describe first coupled spatial analysis between and using observations Canadian over 1990–2015 period. Shipping is measured known ship locations enhanced with a least cost path algorithm to generate tracks quantified computing total distance traveled kilometers. Statistically significant increases are Hudson Strait...
Sea ice conditions and melt season duration within the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) were investigated from 1979–2008. The CAA is exhibiting statistically significant decreases in average September total sea area at −8.7% decade −1 . increasing significantly 7 days 2008 represented longest over satellite record 129 days. Average multi‐year (MYI) decreasing −6.4% but has yet to reach statistical significance as a result of MYI dynamic import Ocean. Results also find that Western Parry...
Abstract The European Space Agency's CryoSat‐2 satellite mission provides radar altimeter data that are used to derive estimates of sea ice thickness and volume. These crucial understanding recent variability changes in Arctic ice. Sea retrievals at the frequency require accurate measurements freeboard, assumed be attainable when main scattering horizon is snow/sea interface. Using an extensive snow thermophysical property dataset from late winter conditions Canadian Arctic, we examine role...
Abstract. The Canadian Sea Ice and Snow Evolution (CanSISE) Network is a climate research network focused on developing applying state of the art observational data to advance dynamical prediction, projections, understanding seasonal snow cover sea ice in Canada circumpolar Arctic. Here, we present an assessment from CanSISE trends historical record (fraction, water equivalent) (area, concentration, type, thickness) across Canada. We also assess projected changes likely occur by mid-century,...
Abstract During the International Polar Year (IPY), comprehensive observational research programs were undertaken to increase our understanding of Canadian polar cryosphere response a changing climate. Cryospheric components considered snow, permafrost, sea ice, freshwater glaciers and ice shelves. Enhancement conventional observing systems retrieval algorithms for satellite measurements facilitated development snapshot current cryospheric conditions, providing baseline against which future...
Abstract The World Meteorological Organization has developed a set of headline indicators for global climate monitoring. These seven are subset the existing essential variables (ECVs) established by Global Climate Observing System and intended to provide most parameters representing state system. include mean surface temperature, ocean heat content, acidification, glacier mass balance, Arctic Antarctic sea ice extent, CO 2 mole fraction, level. This paper describes how well each these...
Abstract Historically, multiyear sea ice (MYI) covered a majority of the Arctic and circulated through Beaufort Gyre for years. However, increased melt in Sea during early 2000s was proposed to have severed this circulation. Constructing regional MYI budget from 1997 2021 reveals that import into has year‐round, yet less now survives summer is transported onwards Gyre. Annual average loss quadrupled over study period ∼7% ∼33% annual Fram Strait export, while peak 2018 (385,000 km 2 ) similar...
Abstract The loss of multiyear sea ice (MYI) in the Arctic Ocean is a significant change that affects all facets environment. Using Lagrangian age product, we examine MYI and quantify annual area budget from 1980 to 2021 as balance export, melt, replenishment. Overall, declined at 72,500 km 2 /yr; however, majority occurred during two stepwise reductions interrupt an otherwise balanced resulted northward contraction pack. First, 1989, atmospheric forcing led +56% anomaly export through Fram...
Abstract More than 1380 regional Canadian weekly sea‐ice charts for four regions and 839 hemispheric U.S. from 1979 to 1996 are compared with passive microwave concentration estimates using the National Aeronautics Space Administration (NASA) Team algorithm. Compared ice charts, NASA algorithm underestimates total ice‐covered area by 20.4% 33.5% during melt in summer 7.6% 43.5% growth late fall. The wide range performance occurs because some such as western Arctic only partly marginal zone...
Although cruise travel to the Canadian Arctic has grown steadily since 1984, some commentators have suggested that growth in this sector of tourism industry might accelerate, given warming effects climate change are making formerly remote communities more accessible vessels. Using sea-ice charts from Ice Service, we argue Global Climate Model predictions an ice-free as early 2050–70 may lead a false sense optimism regarding potential exploitation all waters for purposes. This is because...
[1] Sea ice is exchanged between the Arctic Ocean and Canadian Archipelago (CAA) but has not been quantified over long time periods. The corresponding mechanisms responsible for recent variability change also remain unidentified. To address this, we estimated sea area flux M'Clure Strait Queen Elizabeth Islands (QEI) from 1997 to 2012 months of May November. Over period, there was a mean −1 × 103 km2 (±21 km2) at +8 (±8 QEI (positive negative signs correspond inflow outflow, respectively)....
In multidimensional observations, many classification algorithms (supervised or unsupervised) require the selection of optimum bands in which classes are most distinct. The Jeffries–Matusita (JM) distance is widely used as a separability criterion for optimal band and evaluation results. Its original form based on assumption normal distribution data. However, case covariance/coherency matrix synthetic aperture radar (SAR) polarimetry, data follow complex Wishart distribution. this article,...
Abstract Recently, the feasibility of commercial shipping in ice‐prone Northwest Passage (NWP) has attracted a lot attention. However, very little ice thickness information actually exists. We present results first ever airborne electromagnetic surveys over NWP carried out April and May 2011 2015 first‐year multiyear ice. These show modal thicknesses between 1.8 2.0 m all regions. Mean 3 thick, deformed were observed some regimes shown to originate from Arctic Ocean. Thick features more than...
Differentiating between first-year ice (FYI) and multi-year (MYI) in C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery during spring–summer melt, when wet snow melt ponds mask the underlying ice, is difficult. It has been suggested that use of L-band SAR may alleviate this concern given increased penetration depths at longer wavelengths; however, not thoroughly assessed. Here separability FYI MYI compared using horizontally polarized (HH) (RADARSAT-2) (ALOS/PALSAR) ScanSAR images acquired over...
We used Canadian Ice Service (CIS) digital charts from 1983 to 2009 create a climatology of landfast sea ice in the Arctic. The characterized spatial distribution and variability through an average annual cycle identified mean onset date, breakup duration ice. Trends date were calculated over 26-year period on basis CIS regions sub-regions. In several sub-regions— particularly Arctic Archipelago—we significant trends towards later or earlier breakup, both. These dates translated into...
Abstract. Since 2009, the ultra-wideband snow radar on Operation IceBridge (OIB; a NASA airborne mission to survey polar ice covers) has acquired data in annual campaigns conducted during Arctic and Antarctic springs. Progressive improvements hardware processing methodologies have led improved quality for subsequent retrieval of depth. Existing algorithms differ way air–snow (a–s) snow–ice (s–i) interfaces are detected localized returns how system limitations addressed (e.g., noise,...
Abstract. Local-scale variations in snow density and layering on Arctic sea ice were characterized using a combination of traditional pit SnowMicroPen (SMP) measurements. In total, 14 sites evaluated within the Canadian Archipelago Ocean both first-year (FYI) multi-year (MYI) ice. Sites contained multiple pits with coincident SMP profiles as well unidirectional transects. An existing model was recalibrated manual cutter measurements (n=186) to identify best-fit parameters for observed...