Controversy about the importance of catalase in detoxification H2O2 human erythrocytes continues. It has been suggested that no role clearance erythrocytes. In present study we investigated defence mechanism against oxidative stress using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. S. cerevisiae two catalases, A and T. We constructed a double mutant (acatalasaemic mutant) unable to produce either or T, compared it with wild-type single-mutant cells. The acatalasaemic cells showed similar growth rate under...

AbstractYap1p, a crucial transcription factor in the oxidative stress response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is transported and out nucleus under nonstress conditions. The nuclear export step specifically inhibited by H2O2 or thiol oxidant diamide, resulting Yap1p accumulation induction its target genes. Here we provide evidence for sensing diamide mediated disulfide bond formation C-terminal cysteine-rich region (c-CRD), which contains 3 conserved cysteines signal (NES). diamide-induced...

Role of intracellular glutathione in the response Saccharomyces cerevisiae to H2O2 was investigated. Depletion cellular or inhibition gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GSH-I) enhanced sensitivity and suppressed adaptation H2O2. A mutant deficient GSH-I also showed hypersensitivity could not adapt Incubation cell with amino acids constituting (L-Glu, L-Cys, Gly) increased content, subsequently acquired resistance against These results strongly suggest that plays an important role adaptive S....

Yap1 is a transcription factor that responds to oxidative stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The activity of regulated at the level its intracellular localization, and cysteine-rich domain C terminus involved this regulation. We investigated effects redox-regulatory proteins, thioredoxin glutaredoxin, on regulation Yap1, using deficient mutants these thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases. In thioredoxin-deficient mutant (trx1Δ/trx2Δ), was constitutively concentrated nucleus expression target...

Vanillin, generated by acid hydrolysis of lignocellulose, acts as a potent inhibitor the growth yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here, we investigated cellular processes affected vanillin using high-content, image-based profiling. Among 4,718 non-essential deletion mutants, morphology those defective in large ribosomal subunit showed significant similarity to that vanillin-treated cells. The defects these mutants were clustered three domains ribosome: mRNA tunnel entrance, exit and backbone...

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH)-deficient cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed increased susceptibility and were unable to induce adaptation oxidative stress. Historically, mainly in human erythrocytes, it has been suggested accepted that decreased cellular GSH, due loss the NADPH-dependent activity glutathione reductase (GR), is responsible for sensitivity stress G6PDH-deficient cells. In present study we investigated whether inability H2O2 yeast caused by incompleteness...

Methylglyoxal (MG) is a typical 2-oxoaldehyde derived from glycolysis, although it inhibits the growth of cells in all types organism. Hence, has been questioned why such toxic metabolite synthesized via ubiquitous energy-generating pathway. We have previously reported that expression GLO1, coding for major enzyme detoxifying MG, was induced by osmotic stress high osmolarity glycerol (HOG)-mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase-dependent manner Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here we show MG...

We have previously reported that Saccharomyces cerevisiae has three glutathione peroxidase homologues (GPX1, GPX2, and GPX3) (Inoue, Y., Matsuda, T., Sugiyama, K., Izawa, S., Kimura, A. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 27002–27009). Of these, the GPX2 gene product (Gpx2) shows greatest similarity to phospholipid hydroperoxide peroxidase. Here we show encodes an atypical 2-Cys peroxiredoxin which uses thioredoxin as electron donor. Gpx2 was essentially in a reduced form even mutants defective...

ABSTRACT Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant polyphenolic flavonoid in green tea. Catechin and its derivatives, including EGCG, are widely believed to function as antioxidants. Here we demonstrate that both EGCG tea extract (GTE) cause oxidative stress-related responses budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae fission Schizosaccharomyces pombe under weak alkaline conditions terms of activation oxidative-stress-responsive transcription factors. GTE well induced nuclear...

Stress granules (SGs) and processing bodies (P bodies) are cytoplasmic domains play a role in the control of translation mRNA turnover mammalian cells subjected to environmental stress. Recent studies have revealed that SGs also form budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae response glucose depletion robust heat shock. However, information about types stress cause is quite limited. Here we demonstrate severe ethanol generates manner independent phosphorylation eIF2α. The concentration...

Various forms of stress can cause an attenuation bulk translation activity and the accumulation nontranslating mRNAs into cytoplasmic messenger RNP (mRNP) granules termed processing bodies (P-bodies) (SGs) in eukaryotic cells. Furfural 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), derived from lignocellulosic biomass, inhibit yeast growth fermentation as stressors. Since there is no report regarding their effects on formation mRNP granules, here we investigated whether furfural HMF assembly P-bodies SGs...

Methylglyoxal (MG) is synthesized during glycolysis, although it inhibits cell growth in all types of organisms. Hence, has long been asked why such a toxic metabolite vivo. Glyoxalase I major enzyme detoxifying MG. Here we show that the Yap1 transcription factor, which critical for oxidative-stress response Saccharomyces cerevisiae, constitutively concentrated nucleus and activates expression its target genes glyoxalase I-deficient mutant. contains six cysteine residues two cysteine-rich...

Since acetic acid inhibits the growth and fermentation ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, it is one practical hindrances to efficient production bioethanol from a lignocellulosic biomass. Although extensive information available on yeast response stress, involvement endoplasmic reticulum (ER) unfolded protein (UPR) has not been addressed. We herein demonstrated that causes ER stress induces UPR. The accumulation misfolded proteins in activation Ire1p Hac1p, an ER-stress sensor...

Ethanol stress (10% v/v) causes selective mRNA export in Saccharomyces cerevisiae a similar manner to heat shock (42 degrees C). Bulk poly(A)(+) accumulates the nucleus, whereas protein is exported under such conditions. Here we investigated effects of on factors. In cells treated with ethanol stress, DEAD box Rat8p showed rapid and reversible change its localization, accumulating nucleus. This correlated closely blocking bulk caused by stress. We also found that nuclear accumulation defect...

Abstract Post-transcriptional upregulation is an effective way to increase the expression of transgenes and thus maximize yields target chemicals from metabolically engineered organisms. Refractory elements in 3′ untranslated region (UTR) that mRNA half-life might be available. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae , several terminator regions have shown activity increasing production proteins by upstream coding genes; among these terminators DIT1 has highest activity. Here, we found two resident...

Vanillin is one of the major phenolic aldehyde compounds derived from lignocellulosic biomass and acts as a potent fermentation inhibitor to repress growth fermentative ability yeast. can be reduced its less toxic form, vanillyl alcohol, by yeast NADPH-dependent medium chain alcohol dehydrogenases, Adh6 Adh7. However, there little information available regarding regulation their gene expression upon severe vanillin stress, which has been shown bulk translation activity in cells. Therefore,...

Saccharomyces cerevisiae shows similar responses to heat shock and ethanol stress. Cells treated with severe stress activate the transcription of HSP genes cause aggregation Hsp104-GFP, implying that as well causes accumulation denatured proteins in yeast cells. However, there is currently no concrete evidence show protein denaturation living In present study, we investigated whether denaturation, confirmed a treatment 10% (v/v) resulted insoluble ubiquitinated We also found increased levels...

Acute severe ethanol stress (10% [vol/vol]) damages proteins and causes the intracellular accumulation of insoluble in Saccharomyces cerevisiae On other hand, a pretreatment with mild increases tolerance to subsequent stress, which is called acquired resistance. It currently remains unclear whether under may be mitigated by increasing protein quality control (PQC) activity cells pretreated stress. In present study, we examined induction resistance PQC confirmed that 6% (vol/vol) or thermal...