Abstract There is a general need to change hydropower operational regimes balance the growing contribution of variable renewable energy sources in power systems. Quantifying burden on generation equipment increasingly uncertain and difficult. Here, we propose framework combining technical economic indicators analyze primary frequency control (PFC) timescale seconds. We develop model integrating hydraulic, mechanical, electrical subsystems characterize efficiency loss, wear fatigue,...

This paper presents a mathematical model of hydro power units, especially the governor system for different operating conditions, based on basic version software TOPSYS. The consists eight turbine equations, one generator equation, and which are solved ten unknown variables. under various presented discussed in detail. All essential non-linear factors (dead-zone, saturation, rate limiting, backlash) also considered. Case studies conducted Swedish plant (HPP) three Chinese plants. simulation...

Nowadays, the wear and tear of hydropower turbines is increasing, due to more regulation movements caused by increasing integration intermittent renewable energy sources. In this paper, a controller filter proposed as solution tradeoff between reducing maintaining performance thereby frequency quality power systems. The widely used dead zone compared with floating linear filter, time-domain simulation frequency-domain analysis. Simulink models are built onsite measurement. Then, investigate...

The dynamic behavior of hydropower plants participating in primary frequency control is investigated this paper through response, step and setpoint change tests on three Swedish plants. Gray-box system identification used to estimate the parameters simple linear models suitable for power analysis major shortcomings are discussed. It found that response with sinusoidal input signals give more reliable information about dynamics than tests. also shown backlash runner guide vane regulating...

The grid frequency quality in the Nordic power system has been deteriorating during last decade. To improve situation, a better understanding of is needed. In this paper, model dynamics with respect to normal operation control set up and compared full-scale measurements on system. "60 s oscillation" measured explained by model.

The upcoming modifications to the criteria for providing Frequency Containment Reserves (FCR) in Nordic synchronous area present severe challenges some hydropower units. By quantifying difference between required FCR power response and actual provided by unit, an additional from energy storage system can be specified augment thus securing its participation future. A practical method control system, applying a band-pass filter on negative frequency deviation, is presented this paper. verified...

Currently, the Thoma criterion is often violated to diminish cross-section of surge tank; therefore, fluctuation aggravated and frequency stability becomes more deteriorative. The focus this article on stabilizing low-frequency oscillation an isolated hydropower plant caused by fluctuation. From a new perspective operation mode, under power control investigated compared with adopting Hurwitz numerical simulation. In theoretical derivation, governor equations are introduced mathematical...

Power systems are making a transition from purely technical, centrally planned to market based, decentralized systems. The need for balancing power and frequency control reserves increasing, partially due variable renewable production, which gives an opportunity new incomes but also challenge in terms of changed modes operation with risk reduced lifetime controllable plants. This paper investigates how the allocation sold volume within large hydropower production fleet can affect costs...

Since a few years, there has been tendency that hydropower turbines experience fatigue to greater extent, due increasingly more regulation movements of governor actuators. The aim this paper is extend the service life turbines, by reasonably decreasing guide vane (GV) with appropriate strategies, e.g. settings PI (proportional-integral) parameters and controller filters. accumulated distance number GV are two main indicators study. core method simulate long-term opening Francis...

The grid frequency stability is decreasing in many AC grids due to less inertia these systems, and their commonly evaluated through simulation. Hydropower often delivers control, yet research on hydropower model validation for large disturbances scarce. We performed control tests a Kaplan unit three models (called the standard grey-box, white-box models) against data. grey-box parameters were identified with system identification, whereas used index test data relate guide vane opening runner...

The authors wish to make the following corrections published paper [1].[...]