An artificial neural model is used to estimate the natural sediment discharge in rivers terms of concentration. This achieved by training network extrapolate several streams data collected from reliable sources. The selection water and variables based on prior knowledge conventional analyses, dynamic laws flow sediment. Choosing an appropriate structure providing field that for purpose are addressed using a constructive back-propagation algorithm. parameters, as well fluvial variables,...

Recent reports have shown that genetic polymorphisms in organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1 an effect on the pharmacokinetics of drugs. However, impact OATP1B1*1b alleles, frequency which is high all ethnicities, substrate drugs not known after complete separation subjects with OATP1B1*1a and *1b. Furthermore, correlation between clearances OATP1B1 individuals has been characterized. We investigated polymorphism OATP1B1, particularly *1b allele, 3 anionic drugs, pravastatin,...

Abstract Background: Interferon (IFN) improves hepatic inflammation/fibrosis and reduces the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CH‐C). However, HCC develops some who have a sustained virological response (SVR) to IFN therapy. We designed this study establish follow‐up protocol for CH‐C SVR Methods: retrospectively studied 1124 received IFN. Results: developed 3.5% As compared without HCC, were predominantly male ( P =0.003), older at initiation...

The goal of this study was to determine whether inhibition transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels underlies attenuation angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced vasoconstriction by phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3 inhibition.Pretreatment rat thoracic aorta with cilostazol, a selective PDE3 inhibitor, suppressed induced Ang but not that KCl. II-induced contraction largely dependent on Ca(2+) influx via receptor-operated cation channels. Cilostazol specifically diacylglycerol-activated TRPC...

Abstract The phosphorylation of the 20-kD myosin light chain (MLC) and actin filament formation play a key role in endothelial barrier disruption. MLC is either mono- or di-phosphorylated (pMLC ppMLC) at T18 S19. present study investigated whether there are any distinct roles pMLC ppMLC disruption induced by thrombin. Thrombin modest bi-phasic increase robust mono-phasic ppMLC. localized perinuclear cytoplasm during initial phase, while cell periphery, where bundles were formed. Later,...

RhoA plays a critical role in regulating NO production cultured endothelial cells. To determine its situ cells, we investigated the effects of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors and RhoA-binding domain Rho-kinase (RB) on vascular contractility isolated rabbit mesenteric artery. Ex vivo treatment strips with 3×10 −5 mol/L simvastatin fluvastatin for ≈24 to 30 hours significantly attenuated contractile response phenylephrine high K + presence endothelium. The addition...

Electrical activity of the sternoliyoid muscle was studied in three normal male adults and related to phonic functions. The results are summarized as follows: (1) No systematic relationship found between muscular different vowels. (2) greater at lower higher pitches smaller middle range. (3) increased with increasing volume voice each pitch.

The circadian variation in the incidence of cardiovascular events may be attributable to changes vascular contractility. rhythm contractility is determined by interplay between central and peripheral clocks. However, molecular mechanism intrinsic clock that generates still remains largely unknown.The agonist-induced phosphorylation myosin light chain cultured smooth muscle cells synchronized dexamethasone pulse treatment exhibited an apparent oscillation, with a 25.4-hour cycle length....

THE style of phonation, or the mode is one very important factors which characterizes human voice. Clinicians have been greatly interested in phonation because its clinical importance. Protracted with an improper can cause laryngeal diseases voice disorders, such as contact ulcer, vocal cord nodule, polyp, phonasthenia ("myasthenia laryngis" by Jackson¹), and so on (Brodnitz^2,3; Froeschels⁴; Green⁵; Holinger Johnston⁶;...

Background Recent accumulating evidence suggests that toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. However, its role pulmonary hypertension remains uncertain. We hypothesized TLR9 development hypertension. Methods and Results A rat model monocrotaline-induced was used to investigate effects on hemodynamic parameters, vascular remodeling, survival. Monocrotaline-exposed rats significantly showed increases plasma levels mitochondrial DNA markers,...

This report concerns the characterization of alpha-tocopherol transfer protein (alpha-TTP) gene in a Japanese family affected by ataxia with isolated vitamin E deficiency (AVED). The sequence analysis revealed G-to-A transition at 3' end exon 3 both alleles, which predicts outsplicing this from premessenger RNA and concomitant frame shift ataxic patient. We used reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to analyze alpha-TTP transcripts. All transcripts peripheral blood lymphocytes AVED...

Previous studies have reported that the disfluent speech of stutterers is often associated with tremor in orofacial muscle systems. In present report, spectral analyses amplitude envelopes laryngeal and EMGs revealed tremor-like oscillations EMG activity, similar to those observed muscles, are also muscles during stuttered speech. Furthermore, appear be entrained some subjects. It speculated autonomic systems may provide a mechanism whereby different groups become entrained.

Proteinase-activated receptors 1 and 4 (PAR₁ PAR₄) are the major mediating thrombin-induced NO production in endothelial cells. The intracellular signaling following their activation still remains to be elucidated. present study provides first evidence for distinct Ca²⁺ requirement between PAR₁ PAR₄. of by activating peptide (PAR₁-AP) elevated cytosolic concentrations ([Ca²⁺]_i) activated porcine aortic...

Cerebral vasospasm determines the prognosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The increased vascular reactiveness has an important role in development cerebral vasospasm. This study analyzed roles receptor-mediated signaling and myofilament Ca 2+ sensitivity SAH, using basilar artery a rabbit SAH model. Endothelin-1, thrombin, phenylephrine induced transient increases [Ca ] i , myosin light chain phosphorylation, contraction controls. All these responses were not only enhanced but also...

Increased vascular contractility plays a fundamental role in cerebral vasospasm subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). We investigated the of thrombin and its receptor, proteinase-activated receptor 1 (PAR1), other G protein-coupled receptors increased contractility, examined preventive effects inhibitor, argatroban, anti-oxidative agents, vitamin C tempol.A rabbit model SAH was utilized. Contractile responses isolated basilar artery level oxidative stress brain tissues were evaluated.Contractile...

Background Recent studies have demonstrated that uric acid (UA) enhances arginase activity, resulting in decreased NO endothelial cells. However, the role of lung UA pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains uncertain. We hypothesized increased level contributes to progression PAH. Methods and Results In cultured human cells, voltage-driven urate transporter 1 (URATv1) gene expression was detected, treatment with activity. perfused preparations VEGF receptor blocker...

<i>Background/Aims:</i> The effects of oxidative stress on the vascular responsiveness to agonists proteinase-activated receptors (PARs) were investigated. <i>Methods:</i> Serum-free incubation was utilized impose isolated rat aortas. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) investigated as a model in vivo stress. <i>Results:</i> Thrombin, trypsin, PAR<sub>1</sub>-activating peptide (PAR<sub>1</sub>-AP), PAR<sub>2</sub>-AP...

Increased vascular smooth muscle contractility has an important role in the development of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Myofilament Ca 2+ sensitivity is a major determinant contractility. We investigated changes -sensitizing effect endothelin-1 (ET-1) and mechanisms underlying ET-1-induced sensitization SAH using rabbit model. After SAH, contractile response to ET-1 was enhanced, ET A receptor expression upregulated basilar artery. In α-toxin-permeabilized...

The level of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in cerebrospinal fluid is elevated subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Therefore, the contractile effect PDGF on basilar artery was examined SAH.A rabbit double-hemorrhage SAH model used. In medial layers control artery, had no contraction up to 1 nmol/L, whereas 3 nmol/L induced slight contraction. SAH, an enhanced with increase [Ca(2+)](i) at and higher concentrations. levels tension by were 17% 20%, respectively, those obtained 118 mmol/L K(+)...

Abstract Thrombin increases the cytosolic Ca 2+ concentrations and induces NO production by activating proteinase‐activated receptor 1 (PAR ) in vascular endothelial cells. The store‐operated influx is a major pathway non‐excitable cells including it has been reported to play role thrombin‐induced signaling Recent studies have identified stromal interaction molecule (STIM1) function as sensor of store site content, thereby regulating influx. However, functional STIM1 still remains be...