Although, post annealing is an efficient way to annihilate/restructure deficiencies in self-assembly (SA) ZnO nanorods (ZNRs), the detailed investigation about surface properties of annealed SA-ZNRs a long standing issue and major discrepancy mainly due single step annealing. We demonstrate strategic two process create reliable structural configuration during first round at 800 °C vacuum (VA process), intrinsic defects second oxygen rich atmosphere (OA process) correlate formation related...

We have presented a bistable transflective cholesteric light shutter. The shutter contains dual-frequency liquid crystals that incorporate photocurable monomer. electro-optical properties and optical microscope images of the were examined. Good correlations between textures shutters obtained. was switched into wide-band homogeneous transmission mode by low frequency voltage pulse, selective reflection using high-frequency pulse. concentration monomer apparently affected characteristics

We demonstrate a silica-nanoparticle-doped hybrid-aligned nematic device, which can be operated in the dynamic mode and multistable mode. Under ac voltage excitation, interfacial polarization effect between homogeneously dispersed nanoparticles liquid crystal (LC) host reduces dielectric relaxation time of LC-silica dispersion, giving LC cell fast response for dc silica accumulated on planar side cell, creating agglomerates to stabilize homeotropically aligned LCs, is retained after...

Abstract While understanding the competitive adsorption behavior of gas sensor is important, it yet to be unraveled. Especially for influence water molecules adsorbed on 2D materials. This study explores potential layered materials as a candidate material sensing, employing non‐destructive measurement, and second harmonic generation (SHG). The investigation focuses analyzing oxygen, ammonia, vapor WS 2 surface by studying evolutions in electric dipole field. Leveraging simplified bond...

The unipolar resistive switching behavior of Pt/LixZn1−xO/Pt structures fabricated via radio-frequency magnetron sputtering is investigated. Various Li doping concentrations influence the defect types (i.e., VO, Lii, and LiZn) in LixZn1−xO films for adjustable resistance ratio. ratio reaches 108 due to minimized leakage current high-resistance state (HRS) at 6 at. % dopants. dominant conduction mechanisms are explained terms Ohmic Poole-Frenkel (PF) emission. coefficient r PF emission HRS...

This letter reports the development of Fe-doped ZnO (FZO) nanorods via a low-temperature hydrothermal method and fabrication FZO nanorod metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetector (PD). The average length diameter were 4.5 μm ~ 100 nm, respectively. ultraviolet-to-visible rejection ratio sample was 23 when biased at 1 V, fabricated PD visible-blind with sharp cut-off 375 nm. Furthermore, noise equivalent power detectivity MSM 6.27×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...

The growth of vertically aligned cobalt-doped ZnO (Co-ZnO) nanorods on a glass substrate using low-temperature hydrothermal method is reported. A Co-ZnO nanorod metal-semiconductor-metal ultraviolet photodetector (PD) was also fabricated. ratio UV-to-visible rejection the fabricated PD approximately 11700 when biased at 1 V with sharp cutoff 380 nm. With an incident light wavelength nm and applied bias V, measured responsivity found to be 19.8 A/W. Furthermore, dark noise equivalent power...

We investigate the effects of hydrophobic silica nanoparticles (SNs) on blue-phase liquid crystals (BPLCs). The optical microscope and reflection spectra observation reveal that a tiny SN dopant stabilises BPLC phase, widens temperature range BP I phase. Furthermore, doped dilute SNs can fine-tune their positions to relax formation stress lattices, slightly increase platelet sizes BPLCs. also decrease driving voltage response time cell, because added elastic constant LC host relaxation mixture.

We report a systematic study about the effect of cobalt concentration in growth solution over crystallization, growth, and optical properties hydrothermally synthesized Zn1−xCoxO [0 ≤ x 0.40, is weight (wt.) % Co solution] nanorods. Dilute 1 wt. enhances bulk crystal quality ZnO nanorods, high leads to distortion lattice that depresses as well surface structure ZnO. Although, varies from 40 %, real doping limited 0.28 at. due low temperature 80 °C. The enhancement nanorods at dilute strain...

The structures of the Zn–O bonding in ZnO (0002) thin films prepared by metal organic chemical vapor deposition have been studied reflective second harmonic generation (RSHG). polar bond on top layer is not canceled out and presents 3mm symmetrical well-grown surface. average strength correlated with quality film. mirror symmetry caused nonvanished twin boundary due to mismatch between film sapphire substrate analyzed using s-polarized RSHG fundamental light irradiation. These results...

A transmitted light without analyzer was led into the pump-probe twist nematic experiment in azo-dye-doped liquid crystals to observe scattering from dye-adsorbed surface during photoalignment. The morphology of dye-absorbed monitored by this is correlated with formation ripple structure, which reflected anchoring layer, is, turn, revealed measuring director reorientation angle throughout process. As regular structure gradually formed, Rayleigh transferred Mie since scale at wavelength.

The absorption peak of gold (Au) nanoparticles doped in liquid crystal (ANDLC) is controllable by applying an external applied voltage before aggregation occurs. Au aggregate when the dielectrophoresis force, which induced gradient square electric filed close to sides host cell, overcomes viscosity between and LCs. This result leads irreversible redshift. A filter with unpolarized light enables ANDLC cell under threshold prevent effect.

Linear polarization rotator is fabricated by a single-side homogenously aligned dye-doped liquid crystal cell and linear variable neutral density filter (LVNDF). When pump beam passing through the transmittance-linear region of LVNDF irradiates on untreated surface, surface LC director in irradiation photoaligned into continuous twist from 0° to 90°. Consequently, bulk gradually transits homogeneous orientation. This device capable rotating an input linearly polarized light depending...

The symmetry of the twin boundaries ZnO epitaxial film was detected with reflective second harmonic generation (RSHG). exhibit mirror a polar configuration across boundary plane and yield nonvanishing contribution to RSHG. second-order susceptibility supports notion that measured RSHG originates from planar defect, which depends on residual stress in thin film. We analyzed our result by correlating macroscopic data optic probe microscopic tunneling electron microscope.

A polar mirror symmetrical contribution originated from the arrangement of grain boundaries existing in ZnO film is detected by reflective second harmonic generation pattern. The ordering boundary dependent on kinetic energy deposited atoms and affects quality films. net direction trends toward [1¯10] Si(111) to reach minimum for better film. structure mirrorlike under optically macroscopic viewpoint presents a correlation with quality.

Second-order susceptibilities of small metallic particles are calculated by the quantum size effect, in which wave functions conduction electrons constrained a sphere. The electric-quadrupole term, plays an essential role second-harmonic generation metals, varies inversely with different powers radius. magnitude quadrupole susceptibility is enhanced effect as particle diminishes below 10 nm, and approaches results evaluated from free-electron-gas model radius goes to infinity. enhancement...

The surface quality of ZnO nanorod after postannealing was inspected by second harmonic generation (SHG) with the assistance photoluminescence (PL) spectra, and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopy. SHG is sensitive to structure, which involves elimination defects restructuring. Oxygen (O)-deficient were generated during growth nanorods. PL XPS analyses indicate that on nanorods reduced at annealing temperatures above 600 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...

This paper presents a dual-view (DV) liquid crystal display (LCD) fabricated with twisted nematic (TN) cell that has patterned electrodes on its substrates. The TN DV LCD effectively inhibits the bright state light leakage in un-intended viewing direction, improving contrast ratio of when right and left subpixels are addressed simultaneously. In preferred high ~ 140:1.

Annealing effects on the implanted vicinal Si(111) were analyzed by reflective second-harmonic generation (RSHG). The phenomena of impurity diffusion and precipitation observed through anisotropic contribution ${C}_{3V}$ component in RSHG rotational anisotropy experiments for a series rapid thermal annealing (RTA) times. surface reconstruction was clearly due to ${C}_{1V}$ symmetry which is raised from step structure surface. enhanced value originates because P atoms participate...

An all-optical and polarization-independent spatial filter was developed in a vertically-aligned (VA) polymer-stabilized liquid crystal (PSLC) film with photoconductive (PC) layer. This is based on the effect of light conductivity PC layer: high (low)-intensity makes layer (low), resulting low (high) threshold voltage PC-coated VA PSLC cell. Experimental results indicate that this high-pass optical-power consumption (about 1.11 mW/cm(2)) an optical Fourier transform system. The...