Ethernet-based protocols are getting more and important for Industry 4.0 the Internet of Things. In this paper, we compare features, package overhead, performance some most in area. First, present a general feature comparison OPC UA, ROS, DDS, MQTT, followed by detailed wire protocol evaluation, which gives an overview over overhead establishing connection sending data. tests evaluate open-source implementations these measuring round trip time messages different system states: idle, high CPU...

The configuration of current automated production systems is complex and therefore time consuming while the market demands an easy setup adaptability due to smaller batch sizes volatile markets. While there are different concepts in research on how simplify engineering process by using generic skills or capabilities devices, run-time control still achieved with proprietary communication protocols commands. concept this paper uses not only phase but also consequently for direct field-devices....

The modern manufacturing and production systems are changing into a flexible factory layout that raises demand for distributed control systems, where various components from different vendors communicating over their capabilities (skills) to execute task. This paper offers way of how the skills, offered by an automation system component, can be represented using generic interface allow higher levels easily orchestrate skills available in execution runtime. We show skill modeled Finite State...

Current manufacturing and production are changing more into a flexible adaptable factory layout that requires rapid changeover short reconfiguration times of machines. Additionally the setup time for new devices should be as possible. In this paper we propose hierarchical architecture multi-level Plug & Produce system evaluate proposed structure using open source OPC UA implementations easy integration an existing system. Aside from requirements such system, basic concepts Discovery Service...

Modern manufacturing systems require a transformation from mass production towards customization. This results in trend more agile lines. It also demands reduction of configuration times when building the line as well faster reconfiguration adding new hardware and product variants to line. paper introduces concept device adapter that allows be seamlessly plugged into systems. The wraps functionality offers it service, hiding away low-level process capability (skill) implementation allowing...

The ongoing manufacturing systems transformation from mass production towards customization requires more flexible engineering solutions than the existing ones. recently proposed control architectures target, among other plug-and-produce features, a reduction of configuration times. This is relevant for building new line as well faster reconfiguration when adding hardware and product variants to an line. paper identifies operational requirements such scenarios proposes way implement them...

Engineering distributed control systems is a complex task, where the complexity and, thus, costs of software development are growing rapidly. To keep at an acceptable level and save time for subsequent maintenance, new solutions sorely needed. In this paper, we investigate advantages using skills - universal device interfaces generating logic in environments. By enriching skill interface with information about dynamic behavior component under control, compose functionalities individual...

For the manufacturing of customized products, systems require easier and better adaptivity production plant especially in terms control software. In recent research projects, a skill-based architecture has been introduced presented within an industrial demonstrator proposing required adaptivity. Within this work, is compared to more traditional component-based hierarchical approach identify strength weakness approach, which then enables further improvements architecture. The flexibility...

Assembly systems today are facing significant pressure to deliver high performance process executions, while being responsive the fluctuating market demands. However, implementation trending Cyber Physical Systems concepts via 'Plug-and-Produce' devices produces some communication overheads. In this direction, openMOS project aims decouple elements that responsible for adaptation and general operations of system. This allows system have two parallel processes. Towards end, priority is other...

Software engineering in the industrial automation domain requires generic methods to keep development complexity at an acceptable level. However, nowadays various PLC vendors use different dialects of standardized programming languages their tools, which hinders re-usability and interoperability across platforms. The service-oriented approaches can serve overcome issues. In distributed control systems, functionality component be offered other parties that constitute a production system via...

Functionally described capabilities play an important role in the virtualization of manufacturing and resource-specific realization with skill-based approach. The importance this modeling can be seen a formalization production for holistic usage workflow from product orders towards on shop floor. This paper presents concept functionally along combined approaches. Therefore, formalism setup requirements, capabilities, Petri Net Plans creation process sequences, at least their execution skills...

An asset administration shell (AAS), as a key concept of the Industry 4.0, provides machine-accessible interface to any kind asset. application implementing devices functionality should be able interact with different AASs.In this work, we specify function blocks (FBs) for accessing properties and invoking operations AASs. We analyzed nature requirements such FBs while focusing on REST/HTTP- OPC UA-based AASs provided IEC 61499-based implementation.The results obtained in paper will ease...

The fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) anticipates unplanned changes of production processes. Production may trigger synthesis, and preferably optimization, architecture-level decisions, such as service deployment composition. Performing decisions manually is difficult due to the ever-rising complexity Industry 4.0 systems. In order (semi-)automate architecture synthesis we propose an approach composition by using existing domain models. Our contribution threefold: (1) We suggest a...

The Arrowhead framework enables interoperability and integrability for new legacy systems by applying Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) principles at the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) domain. core provide service registration, discovery, security other services application within System Systems domain under their authority.While can communicate with each using any protocol that fits them, have been available as RESTful HTTP implementation only. This practically meant those with-out...

An asset administration shell (AAS), as a key concept of Industry 4.0 (I4.0), provides machine-accessible interface to any kind asset. To enable interoperability and smooth integration the devices into I4.0 middleware, an application implementing device's functionality should be able interact with different AASs. In this work, we investigate Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) runtime systems middleware. For doing this, specify function blocks (FBs) for connecting PLCs AASs other components,...

While engineering distributed control systems, the implementation of underlying communication interaction is a tedious and error-prone task. Some existing approaches to overcome this issue propose using generic interfaces abstract details. We reuse information from these automatically synthesize required infrastructure. To demonstrate idea, we implement generation Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) code in IEC 61499, enabling network for applications. As result, prototype tool capable...

Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming the industry by bridging gap between Information Technology (IT) and Operational (OT). Machines are being integrated with connected sensors managed intelligent analytics applications, accelerating digital transformation business operations. Bringing Machine Learning (ML) to industrial devices an advancement aiming promote convergence IT OT. However, developing ML application in IoT (IIoT) presents various challenges, including hardware heterogeneity,...