Explicit, momentum-based dynamics for optimizing functions defined on Lie groups was recently constructed, based techniques such as variational optimization and left trivialization. We appropriately add tractable noise to the turn it into a sampling dynamics, leveraging advantageous feature that momentum variable is Euclidean despite potential function lives manifold. then propose Lie-group MCMC sampler, by delicately discretizing resulting kinetic-Langevin-type dynamics. The group structure...

Thanks to the Chinese government's strong monetary stimulus initiative, stock market has seen a recent surge. A similar scenario in history reminds us that such surge carries significant potential risks and undermines economic sustainability. This study examines by government during 2008 2015 utilizing real estate policy stimulate expansion, identifies pattern of path dependency approach challenges. In context fiscal pressures 2024, again employed an extraordinary level intervention catalyze...

This study examines the evolution and eventual decline of spirit primitive federalism within Confucianism, tracing its trajectory from time Duke Zhou Confucius to significant reinterpretations by Dong Zhongshu. The Zhou's establishment a confederation-like system (fengjian) "Zhou ritual norms" laid groundwork for political structure that embraced diversity distributed power among vassal states, reflecting proto-federalist concept. Confucius's teachings...

The journey towards democracy is fraught with fragility and volatility. A comparative analysis of in Thailand Myanmar was conducted. With an introduction to the basic political realities two countries, figures tables compare seats held by military democratic camps last few elections, author demonstrate evolution pro-military pro-democratic parties both countries. It found that: first, politics countries historically were heavily influenced forces. Second, recent past, actually tolerated a...

The military governments and political democratization processes in Thailand Myanmar have been studied extensively, but there is a lack of research that reveals how the played what role at key points process. With an introduction to basic realities these two countries, figures tables compare seats held by democratic camps last few elections, author demonstrate evolution pro-military pro-democratic parties both countries. It found that: first, politics countries historically were heavily...

This study examines the evolution and eventual decline of spirit primitive federalism within Confucianism, tracing its trajectory from time Duke Zhou Confucius to significant reinterpretations by Dong Zhongshu. The Zhou's establishment a confederation-like system "Zhou ritual norms" laid groundwork for political structure that embraced diversity distributed power among states, reflecting proto-federalist concept. Confucius's teachings continued this legacy, advocating return systems Duke's...

Current federalism research is dominated by the successful American model, focusing on a territorialized, mono-national constitutional federalism, where individuals of different nations within specific territorial scope are jointly subject to and protected state. However, this not only way can address coexistence multiple nations. By reviewing historical figures theoretical narratives, as well incorporating contemporary federal theorists plurality multiracial coexistence, study seeks shed...

This article re-examines the history of Mongol Empire’s rule over Tibet, analyzing complex institutional and religious relationships between Empire Tibet from an innovative perspective. We find that, unlike its military conquests in other parts world, actually formed a kind federation with based on Buddhism. The embraced Tibetan Buddhism as state religion venerated head Sakya school spiritual guide. Concurrently, establishment Bureau Buddhist Affairs capital served nominal governing body...

In light of the pressing concerns surrounding mergers and acquisitions (M&A) in recent times, question “What sort ownership structure is more likely to be bought bad faith (hostile takeover)?” addressed this study. The disparities company structures prospect hostile takeovers are primary topics discussed article. research applies a regression model analysis substantial number domestic M&A cases overseas involving Chinese firms that have occurred within past several years. It has been...

This article examines a possible Chinese semiconductor industry’s merger and acquisition in 2017, the year before Sino-US trade war US high-tech sanctions against China. The feasibility of between Tsinghua Unigroup Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company is thoroughly examined as well their development history current financial standing. data collected form two companies’ annual report was analyzed using multiple corporate valuating models. We discovered that industrial policy reports...

The transformation of the Ottoman Empire into Turkish Republic was accompanied by change and continuities. newly founded early republics necessarily inherited relics from previous era were significantly affected economic social institutions that sculpted their personality mannerisms. This paper reveals connection between subjectivity late through four aspects: state traditions, bureaucracy, role military, political culture, with both innovative changes These connections facilitate...

In this paper, we use value function iteration and linear interpolation to solve an example of a stochastic, infinite-horizon Ramsey model, which is one kind dynamic general equilibrium (DGE) model. To obtain approximation the policy function’s solution, pick grid capital investments for each period, set starting function, build iterative loop compute new using interpolation, establish selection criteria stop conditions. We model transient shocks total factor productivity (TFP) capture...

How to assess external shocks, whether they are inflationary shocks or interest rate without warning, is crucial construct smooth and predictable financial market. The purpose of this paper analyze the short-run long-run effects on an economy under chaotic conditions uncertainty using Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). A comprehensive detailed derivation process presented for VECM reveals dynamics rates inflation in face through Cholesky ordering impulse response decomposition. With a...