Abstract Although heat stress reduces seed size in rice (Oryza sativa), little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying observed reduction and yield. To elucidate mechanistic basis of sensitivity reduced size, we imposed a moderate (34°C) high (42°C) treatment on developing seeds during postfertilization stage. Both treatments final size. At cellular level, resulted precocious endosperm cellularization, whereas severe heat-stressed failed to cellularize. Initiation cellularization...

Shifts in the duration and intensity of ambient temperature impair plant development reproduction, particularly male gametogenesis. Stress exposure causes meiotic defects or premature spore abortion reproductive organs, leading to sterility. However, little is known about mechanisms underlying stress To elucidate these mechanisms, we imposed a moderate transient heat on maize (

Background Plants are challenged by a large number of environmental stresses that reduce productivity and even cause death. Both chloroplasts mitochondria produce reactive oxygen species under normal conditions; however, stress causes an imbalance in these leads to deviations from cellular conditions variety toxic effects. Mitochondria have uncoupling proteins (UCPs) uncouple electron transport ATP synthesis. There is evidence UCPs play role alleviating caused overproduction. However, direct...

Early seed development events are highly sensitive to increased temperature. This high sensitivity a short-duration temperature spike reduces viability and size at maturity. The molecular basis of heat stress during early is not known. We selected rice (Oryza sativa), heat-sensitive species, explore this phenomenon. Here, we elucidate the pathways that contribute critical developmental window which endosperm transitions from syncytium cellularization stage in young seeds. A transcriptomic...

Abstract For successful double fertilization in flowering plants (angiosperms), pollen tubes deliver 2 nonmotile sperm cells toward female gametes (egg and central cell, respectively). Heatwaves, especially during the reproduction period, threaten male gametophyte (pollen) development, resulting severe yield losses. Using maize (Zea mays) as a crop grass model system, we found strong seed set reduction when moderate heat stress was applied for d uni- bicellular stages of development. We show...

Background Drought is a major abiotic stress that affects crop productivity worldwide. Sugarcane can withstand periods of water scarcity during the final stage culm maturation, which sucrose accumulation occurs. Meanwhile, prolonged drought cause severe plant losses. Methodology/Principal Findings In previous study, we evaluated transcriptome drought-stressed plants to better understand sugarcane responses drought. Among up-regulated genes was Scdr1 (sugarcane drought-responsive 1). The aim...

Rice yield is highly sensitive to increased temperature. Given the trend of increasing global temperatures, this sensitivity higher temperatures poses a challenge for achieving food security. Early seed development in rice unfavorable environmental conditions. Heat stress (HS) during stage decreases size and fertility, thus reducing yield. Here, we explore transgenerational phenotypic consequences HS early on viability, germination, establishment. To elucidate impact developmental events...

Abstract Background Heat shock factors (Hsfs) and proteins (Hsps) belong to an essential group of molecular regulators involved in controlling cellular processes under normal stress conditions. The role Hsfs Hsps is well known model plant species diverse While plants are vital components the signal transduction response maintain homeostasis, function as chaperones helping folding damaged newly formed during In lettuce ( Lactuca sativa ), a highly consumed vegetable crop grown field...

Lettuce is a highly perishable horticultural crop with relatively short shelf-life that limits its commercial value and contributes to food waste. Postharvest senescence varies influences of both environmental genetic factors. From larger pool romaine lettuce genotypes, we identified three genotypes variable shelf lives evaluated their leaf morphology characteristics transcriptomic profiles at preharvest predict postharvest quality. Breeding line 60184 had the shortest (SSL), cultivar...

An easy and highly reproducible nondestructive method named the Leaf Collar Method is described to identify characterize different stages of pollen development in maize. In plants, many cellular events such as meiosis, asymmetric cell division, cycle regulation, fate determination, nucleus movement, vacuole formation, chromatin condensation epigenetic modifications take place during development. maize, occurs tassels that are confined within internal stalk plant. Hence, identification...

Abstract Background and Aims Improving drought adaptation is more pressing for crops such as sugarcane, rice, wheat maize, given the high dependence of these on irrigation. One option enhancing to water limitation in plants by transgenic approaches. An increasing number genes that are associated with mechanisms used cope scarcity have been discovered. Genes encoding proteins unknown functions comprise a relevant fraction modulated drought. We characterized gene response environmental...

Transcript elongation factors associate with elongating RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) to control the efficiency of mRNA synthesis and consequently modulate plant growth development. Encountering obstacles during transcription such as nucleosomes or particular DNA sequences may cause backtracking transcriptional arrest RNAPII. The factor TFIIS stimulates intrinsic transcript cleavage activity polymerase, which is required for efficient rescue backtracked/arrested A mutant variant (TFIISmut)...

Heat stress frequently imposes a strong negative impact on vegetative and reproductive development of plants leading to severe yield losses. Wheat, major temperate crop, is more prone suffer from increased temperatures than most other crops. With heat waves becoming intense frequent, as consequence global warming, decrease in wheat highly expected. Here, we examined the short-term (48 h) imposed during reproduction at pollen mitosis stage both, physiological molecular level. We analyzed two...

Leaf laminar growth and adaxial-abaxial boundary formation are fundamental outcomes of plant development. Boundary coordinate the further patterning leaf, directing differentiation cell types within top bottom domains promoting initiation lateral organs along their adaxial or abaxial axis. polarity specification outgrowth regulated by two transcription factors, REVOLUTA (REV) KANADI (KAN). ABA INSENSITIVE TO GROWTH 1 (ABIG1) encodes a HOMEODOMAIN-LEUCINE ZIPPER (HD-ZIP) class II factor is...

Bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) is a forage and turf crop commonly used worldwide. The USDA bermudagrass germplasm set composed of plant introductions (PI’s) collected around the world contains different Cynodon species, primarily C. dactylon. collection was screened in replicated trial Florida for yield, leaf width, nutritive value (NV), Stem Maggot (Atherigona reversura) (BSM), which an invasive pest to southeastern United States that damages fields. goal this research determine ploidy level...

Camelina sativa, a member of the Brassicaceae, is low-cost, renewable oilseed crop that produces seeds up to 40% oil by weight with high potential for use in food, feed, and biofuel applications. contain levels fatty acids α-linolenic acid (C18:3), linoleic (C18:2), oleic (C18:1), gondoic (C20:1), which have nutritional industrial value. The impact climate change, especially increased frequency amplitude heat waves, poses serious threat productivity. In this study, we evaluated effect...

Physical, physiological, and biochemical traits control critical seed functions such as germination, longevity, persistence, seedling establishment. These are diverse between among species, they also controlled by the environment in which originated. Therefore, screening understanding their roles is crucial to facilitate economical use of resources collecting, sorting, conserving materials agronomical ecological importance. We hypothesized existence physical sea oats seeds that can be used...

Abstract Background LIM ( L ineage-11 (LIN-11), I nsulin-1 (ISL-1), and M echanotransduction-3 (MEC-3)) genes belong to a family that hold ubiquitous properties contributing organ, seed, pollen development as well developmental cellular responses biotic abiotic stresses. Lettuce Lactuca sativa ) is highly consumed vegetable crop susceptible heat stress. High temperatures limit lettuce’s overall yield, quality marketability. have not been identified their role in response high known. Aiming...