Abstract Climate change impacts are non uniformly distributed over the globe. Mountains have a peculiar response to large scale variations, documented by elevation gradients of surface temperature increase observed many mountain ranges in last decades. Significant changes precipitation expected changing climate and orographic effects important determining amount rainfall at given location. It thus becomes particularly understand how responds global warming anthropogenic forcing. Here, using...

The spring phytoplankton bloom is the main event influencing ecosystem richness in pelagic realm of Northwestern Mediterranean Sea (NW Med Sea). Marine Strategy Framework Directive requires achievement a good ecological status for habitat, and phenology has been used as an indicator offshore waters. In this work we investigate interannual changes timing magnitude NW Sea, using phenological metrics. Daily maps Chl-a concentration from 1998 to 2022 obtained by CMEMS were analyse metrics 5...

Abstract. The Extended European Alpine Region (EEAR) exhibits a well-established and very high density network of in situ weather stations, hardly attained other mountainous regions the world. However, strong fragmentation area into national regional administrations diversity data sources have hampered full exploitation available for climate research. Here, we present EEAR-Clim, new observational dataset gathering daily measurements air temperature precipitation from variety meteorological...

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Abstract Aerosols significantly affect cloud microphysics and energy budget in different ways. The contribution of the direct, semi‐direct, indirect effects aerosols on radiation are here investigated over North Atlantic tropical ocean under aerosol loadings. Weather Research Forecasting Model is used to perform a set numerical idealized experiments, which forced with prescribed profiles. We evaluate modeled shallow clouds surface radiative budget. results indicate that large loadings...

Abstract Data from the EURO-CORDEX ensemble of regional climate model simulations and CORDEX-Adjust dataset were evaluated over European Alps using multiple gridded observational datasets. Biases, which are here defined as difference between models observations, assessed a function elevation for different indices that span average extreme conditions. Moreover, we impact datasets on evaluation, including E-OBS, APGD, high-resolution national Furthermore, bi-variate dependency temperature...

Abstract Climate change has a strong impact on the environment in mountain areas, where ecosystems have adapted to climatic conditions that with elevation. In this study, response of temperature and precipitation indices complex orography setting Great Alpine Region is discussed. The high‐resolution gridded dataset presented been produced Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) convection permitting regional model. Two 30‐year periods considered (1979–2008, 2039–2068), obtained by downscaling...

The Alpine area is one of the most vulnerable and sensitive regions to continuous warming climate it considered an important hotspot change. In particular, change expected exert a strong influence on all components hydrological cycle, including river regimes, with consequent effects services offered by freshwater ecosystem, as well water availability for users, thus affecting  several socio-economic sectors. Climate assessment in region relies direct application observations and,...

Abstract. The Extended European Alpine Region (EEAR) exhibits a well-established and very high-density network of in-situ weather stations, hardly attainable in other mountainous regions the world. However, strong fragmentation into national regional administrations diversity data sources have so far hampered full exploitation available for climate research. Here, we present EEAR-Clim, new observational dataset gathering daily measurements air temperature precipitation from variety...

Abstract. Aerosols play a crucial role in climate through different feedback mechanisms, affecting radiation, clouds, and air column stability. This study focuses on the altitude dependence of cloud-mediated indirect effects aerosols Great Alpine Region (GAR), an area characterized by high pollution levels from anthropic activities Po Valley complex orography with some highest mountains Europe. Using regional atmospheric model, 5-year-long convective-permitting sensitivity experiments have...

Mountain regions are particularly sensitive to climatic change. In these areas the complex topography modulates meteorological and patterns with elevation playing strongest influence on temperature precipitation. However, most regional climate models used in change assessments too coarse capture relevant gradients for impact studies, such as hydrology, which require detailed spatial information water availability, either liquid or solid state. Focusing a case study Trentino-Alto Adige region...

Climate change is a global phenomenon with regionally varying peculiarities. It well known that mountainous regions are highly sensitive to climate change. Furthermore, the complex orography exerts strong control on expected impacts often depend several controlling factors such as elevation, slope, land use etc.. In addition, models introduce errors in reproducing local physical processes due their coarse spatial resolution and partly poorly constrained parameterisations.Elevation Dependent...

Several observational products of key climate variables have been widely used to evaluate the extent ongoing effects change in Alpine area, one most vulnerable and sensitive regions continuous warming climate. However, a limited spatial coverage quality issues data may strongly impact hydrological studies results terms reliability, accuracy precision. Even though collection management meteorological for whole area is challenging task due strong fragmentation diversity sources, further...

Several observational products of key climate variables have been widely used to evaluate the extent ongoing effects change in Alpine area, one most vulnerable and sensitive regions continuous warming climate. However, a limited spatial coverage quality issues data may strongly impact hydrological studies results terms reliability, accuracy precision. Even though collection management meteorological for whole area is challenging task due strong fragmentation diversity sources, further...

The Western Mediterranean Sea is often subject to intense winds, especially during the winter season. Intense winds induce surface cooling associated with anomalous ocean heat loss, upwelling and diapycnal mixing. In this study we investigate overall impact of extreme wind events on upper in sea using temperature height observational data products over period 1993–2014. We show that largest thermal anomaly observed a couple days after event it dependent intensity. During winter, when deep...

Global seasonal weather forecasts have inherent biases compared to observational datasets over mountainous regions. This can be attributed the model's inaccurate representation of local and global environmental processes on Earth. In this context, objective study is assess variation forecast with respect static dynamic variables Trentino-South Tyrol region (north-eastern Italian Alps), characterized by complex terrain.The research employs latest fifth-generation system (SEAS5) dataset...

Mountain regions are especially sensitive to climatic changes. At the same time, complex local topography modulates meteorological and patterns. Here, elevational dependence of variables is high relevance, which found in both observations models at varying resolutions. However, previous evaluations regional climate focused on large scale horizontal spatial patterns less elevation dependencies. In this study we evaluate historical EURO-CORDEX ensemble 0.11° resolution over...

The spring phytoplankton bloom is the main event influencing ecosystem richness in pelagic realm of Northwestern Mediterranean Sea (NW Med Sea). Marine Strategy Framework Network requires achievement a good ecological status for habitat, and phenology has been used as an indicator offshore waters. In this work we investigate interannual changes timing magnitude NW Sea, using phenological metrics. Daily maps Chl-a concentration from 1998 to 2022 obtained by CMEMS were analyse metrics 5...

Abstract. The Western Mediterranean Sea is often subject to intense winds, especially during the winter season. effects of enhanced enthalpy and momentum fluxes on upper ocean investigated using sea surface temperature height observational data products in period 1993–2014. maximum cooling associated with anomalous heat loss, upwelling, diapycnal mixing shown occur a couple days after wind event, be dependent intensity persist for over month winter, when deep water formed, about 10 summer,...

<p>Climate change has a strong impact on the environment in mountain areas, especially since ecosystems depend climatic conditions that vary with altitude. In recent years, it become clear warming strongly depends elevation. this study, we examine projected climate Greater Alpine Region using Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) model. Historical 30-year simulations (1979-2008) and projections (2039-2068) were performed at high spatial resolution (4 km grid spacing) initial...